Efficient hydrolysis of holocellulose depends on a proper balance between cellulase (endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase) and xylanase activities. The present study aimed to induce the production of cellulases and xylanases using liquid cultures (one, two, three, and four fungal strains on the same bioreactor) of wild strains of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The strains were identified by amplification and analysis of the ITS rDNA region and the obtained sequences were deposited in Genbank. Enzymes (endoglucanase, exoglucansae, β-glucosidase, and xylanase activities) and the profile of extracellular protein isoforms (SDS-PAGE) produced by different fungal combinations (N = 14) were analyzed by Pearson's correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). According to our results, induction of endoglucanase (19.02%) and β-glucosidase (6.35%) were obtained after 4 days when A. niger and F. oxysporum were cocultured. The combination of A. niger-T. harzianum produced higher endoglucanase in a shorter time than monocultures. On the contrary, when more than two strains were cultured in the same reactor, the relationships of competition were established, trending to diminish the amount of enzymes and the extracellular protein isoforms produced. The xylanase production was sensible to stress produced by mixed cultures, decreasing their activity. This is important when the aim is to produce cellulase-free xylanase. In addition, exoglucanase activity did not change in the combinations tested.

Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Calle Morelia Zinapecuaro Km 9 5 colonia La Palma 58262 Tarímbaro Michoacán Mexico

Departamento de Biotecnología Escola de engenharia de Lorena Universidade de São Paulo Estrada Municipal do Campinho s n Pte Nova Lorena SP 12602 810 Brazil

Facultad de Biología Universidad Veracruzana Circuito Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán Zona Universitaria 91090 Xalapa Veracruz Mexico

Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada Universidad Veracruzana Avenida de las culturas veracruzanas no 101 colonia Emiliano Zapata 91090 Xalapa Veracruz Mexico

Laboratorio de Investigación en Procesos Avanzados de Tratamiento de Aguas Unidad Académica Juriquilla Instituto de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Blvd Juriquilla 3001 76230 Querétaro Mexico

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