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Potential Source Apportionment and Meteorological Conditions Involved in Airborne 131I Detections in January/February 2017 in Europe
O. Masson, G. Steinhauser, H. Wershofen, JW. Mietelski, HW. Fischer, L. Pourcelot, O. Saunier, J. Bieringer, T. Steinkopff, M. Hýža, B. Møller, TW. Bowyer, E. Dalaka, A. Dalheimer, A. de Vismes-Ott, K. Eleftheriadis, M. Forte, C. Gasco Leonarte,...
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem
PubMed
29979581
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.8b01810
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy * MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Rusko MeSH
Traces of particulate radioactive iodine (131I) were detected in the European atmosphere in January/February 2017. Concentrations of this nuclear fission product were very low, ranging 0.1 to 10 μBq m-3 except at one location in western Russia where they reached up to several mBq m-3. Detections have been reported continuously over an 8-week period by about 30 monitoring stations. We examine possible emission source apportionments and rank them considering their expected contribution in terms of orders of magnitude from typical routine releases: radiopharmaceutical production units > sewage sludge incinerators > nuclear power plants > spontaneous fission of uranium in soil. Inverse modeling simulations indicate that the widespread detections of 131I resulted from the combination of multiple source releases. Among them, those from radiopharmaceutical production units remain the most likely. One of them is located in Western Russia and its estimated source term complies with authorized limits. Other existing sources related to 131I use (medical purposes or sewage sludge incineration) can explain detections on a rather local scale. As an enhancing factor, the prevailing wintertime meteorological situations marked by strong temperature inversions led to poor dispersion conditions that resulted in higher concentrations exceeding usual detection limits in use within the informal Ring of Five (Ro5) monitoring network.
Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente Milan 20129 Italy
Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz Freiburg 79098 Germany
Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection Warsaw PL 03 134 Poland
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas Madrid 28040 Spain
Comenius University Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Bratislava 84248 Slovakia
Deutscher Wetterdienst Offenbach 63067 Germany
Health Canada Radiation Protection Bureau Ottawa A L 6302A Ontario K1A 1C1 Canada
Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg 85764 Germany
Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire Fontenay aux Roses 92262 France
Jozef Stefan Institute Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
National Radiation Protection Institute Prague 140 00 Czech Republic
Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority Svanvik NO 9925 Norway
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P O Box 999 Richland Washington 99352 United States
Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig 38116 Germany
Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority P O Box 14 Helsinki 00811 Finland
Radiation Protection and Radiochemistry Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Wien 1220 Austria
Radioecology and Radon Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Linz 4020 Austria
University of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics Bremen 28359 Germany
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- $a Traces of particulate radioactive iodine (131I) were detected in the European atmosphere in January/February 2017. Concentrations of this nuclear fission product were very low, ranging 0.1 to 10 μBq m-3 except at one location in western Russia where they reached up to several mBq m-3. Detections have been reported continuously over an 8-week period by about 30 monitoring stations. We examine possible emission source apportionments and rank them considering their expected contribution in terms of orders of magnitude from typical routine releases: radiopharmaceutical production units > sewage sludge incinerators > nuclear power plants > spontaneous fission of uranium in soil. Inverse modeling simulations indicate that the widespread detections of 131I resulted from the combination of multiple source releases. Among them, those from radiopharmaceutical production units remain the most likely. One of them is located in Western Russia and its estimated source term complies with authorized limits. Other existing sources related to 131I use (medical purposes or sewage sludge incineration) can explain detections on a rather local scale. As an enhancing factor, the prevailing wintertime meteorological situations marked by strong temperature inversions led to poor dispersion conditions that resulted in higher concentrations exceeding usual detection limits in use within the informal Ring of Five (Ro5) monitoring network.
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