The cell membrane is mainly composed of lipid bilayers with inserted proteins and carbohydrates. Lipid bilayers made of purified or synthetic lipids are widely used for estimating the effect of target compounds on cell membranes. However, the composition of such biomimetic membranes is much simpler than the composition of biological membranes. Interactions between compounds and simple composition biomimetic membranes might not demonstrate the effect of target compounds as precisely as membranes with compositions close to real organisms. Therefore, the aim of our study is to construct biomimetic membrane closely mimicking the state of natural membranes. Liposomes were prepared from lipids extracted from L-α-phosphatidylcholine, Escherichia coli, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bovine liver cells through agitation and sonication. They were immobilized onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) sensor surfaces using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer with calcium chloride. The biomimetic membranes were successfully immobilized onto the SiO2 sensor surface and detected by nanoplasmonic sensing. The immobilized membranes were exposed to choline carboxylates. The membrane disruption effect was, as expected, more pronounced with increasing carbohydrate chain length of the carboxylates. The results correlated with the toxicity values determined using Vibrio fischeri bacteria. The yeast extracted lipid membranes had the strongest response to introduction of choline laurate while the bovine liver lipid extracted liposomes were the most sensitive towards the shorter choline carboxylates. This implies that the composition of the cell membrane plays a crucial role upon interaction with choline carboxylates, and underlines the necessity of testing membrane systems of different origin to obtain an overall image of such interactions.

Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University P O Box 11000 FI 00076 Aalto Finland

Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki A 1 Virtasen aukio 1 P O Box 55 FI 00014 Finland

Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences v v i Veveří 97 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

Neste Engineering Solutions Oy P O Box 310 FI 06101 Porvoo Finland

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$a Duša, Filip $u Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Immobilization of natural lipid biomembranes and their interactions with choline carboxylates. A nanoplasmonic sensing study / $c F. Duša, W. Chen, J. Witos, AH. Rantamäki, AWT. King, E. Sklavounos, M. Roth, SK. Wiedmer,

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$a The cell membrane is mainly composed of lipid bilayers with inserted proteins and carbohydrates. Lipid bilayers made of purified or synthetic lipids are widely used for estimating the effect of target compounds on cell membranes. However, the composition of such biomimetic membranes is much simpler than the composition of biological membranes. Interactions between compounds and simple composition biomimetic membranes might not demonstrate the effect of target compounds as precisely as membranes with compositions close to real organisms. Therefore, the aim of our study is to construct biomimetic membrane closely mimicking the state of natural membranes. Liposomes were prepared from lipids extracted from L-α-phosphatidylcholine, Escherichia coli, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bovine liver cells through agitation and sonication. They were immobilized onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) sensor surfaces using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer with calcium chloride. The biomimetic membranes were successfully immobilized onto the SiO2 sensor surface and detected by nanoplasmonic sensing. The immobilized membranes were exposed to choline carboxylates. The membrane disruption effect was, as expected, more pronounced with increasing carbohydrate chain length of the carboxylates. The results correlated with the toxicity values determined using Vibrio fischeri bacteria. The yeast extracted lipid membranes had the strongest response to introduction of choline laurate while the bovine liver lipid extracted liposomes were the most sensitive towards the shorter choline carboxylates. This implies that the composition of the cell membrane plays a crucial role upon interaction with choline carboxylates, and underlines the necessity of testing membrane systems of different origin to obtain an overall image of such interactions.

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$a Chen, Wen $u Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Finland.

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$a Witos, Joanna $u Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.

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$a Rantamäki, Antti H $u Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Finland.

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$a King, Alistair W T $u Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Finland.

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$a Sklavounos, Evangelos $u Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Finland; Neste Engineering Solutions Oy, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland.

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$a Roth, Michal $u Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.

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$a Wiedmer, Susanne K $u Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Finland. Electronic address: susanne.wiedmer@helsinki.fi.

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