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Incidence, management, and outcomes of autoimmune nephropathies following alemtuzumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis

R. Phelps, JA. Winston, D. Wynn, M. Habek, HP. Hartung, EK. Havrdová, GS. Markowitz, DH. Margolin, CE. Rodriguez, DP. Baker, AJ. Coles,

. 2019 ; 25 (9) : 1273-1288. [pub] 20190415

Language English Country Great Britain

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Grant support
G1100114 Medical Research Council - United Kingdom

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disorders including nephropathies have been reported more frequently in alemtuzumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: Describe instances of autoimmune nephropathy in alemtuzumab-treated MS patients. METHODS: Cases were identified from safety monitoring within the alemtuzumab relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) clinical development program (CDP) or post-marketing, or following off-label use. RESULTS: As of 16 June 2017, 16 autoimmune nephropathies have occurred following alemtuzumab treatment for MS. The incidence of autoimmune nephropathies was 0.34% within the CDP (5/1485 patients). The five CDP cases (one of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, two of membranous glomerulonephropathy, and two of serum anti-GBM antibody without typical anti-GBM disease) were identified early, responded to conventional therapy (where needed), and had favorable outcomes. Three of 11 cases outside the CDP occurred following off-label alemtuzumab use prior to approval for RRMS and were all anti-GBM disease. Diagnosis was delayed in one of these three cases and another did not receive appropriate treatment; all three cases resulted in end-stage renal failure. All anti-GBM disease cases with documented urinalysis demonstrated prior microscopic hematuria. CONCLUSION: Close monitoring of alemtuzumab-treated MS patients facilitates diagnosis and treatment early in the nephropathy course when preservation of renal function is more likely.

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$a BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disorders including nephropathies have been reported more frequently in alemtuzumab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: Describe instances of autoimmune nephropathy in alemtuzumab-treated MS patients. METHODS: Cases were identified from safety monitoring within the alemtuzumab relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) clinical development program (CDP) or post-marketing, or following off-label use. RESULTS: As of 16 June 2017, 16 autoimmune nephropathies have occurred following alemtuzumab treatment for MS. The incidence of autoimmune nephropathies was 0.34% within the CDP (5/1485 patients). The five CDP cases (one of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, two of membranous glomerulonephropathy, and two of serum anti-GBM antibody without typical anti-GBM disease) were identified early, responded to conventional therapy (where needed), and had favorable outcomes. Three of 11 cases outside the CDP occurred following off-label alemtuzumab use prior to approval for RRMS and were all anti-GBM disease. Diagnosis was delayed in one of these three cases and another did not receive appropriate treatment; all three cases resulted in end-stage renal failure. All anti-GBM disease cases with documented urinalysis demonstrated prior microscopic hematuria. CONCLUSION: Close monitoring of alemtuzumab-treated MS patients facilitates diagnosis and treatment early in the nephropathy course when preservation of renal function is more likely.
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$a Winston, Jonathan A $u Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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$a Wynn, Daniel $u Consultants in Neurology MS Center, Northbrook, IL, USA.
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$a Habek, Mario $u Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb and University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
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$a Hartung, Hans-Peter $u Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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$a Havrdová, Eva Kubala $u Department of Neurology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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$a Markowitz, Glen S $u Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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$a Margolin, David H $u Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA/Cerevance Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
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$a Rodriguez, Claudio E $u Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA/Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA, USA.
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$a Baker, Darren P $u Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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$a Coles, Alasdair J $u School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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