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Ex situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessity
MTO. Jonker, RM. Burgess, U. Ghosh, PM. Gschwend, SE. Hale, R. Lohmann, MJ. Lydy, KA. Maruya, D. Reible, F. Smedes,
Jazyk angličtina Země Velká Británie
Typ dokumentu hodnotící studie, časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Grantová podpora
EPA999999
Intramural EPA - United States
NLK
ProQuest Central
od 2006-06-01 do Před 1 rokem
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
od 2006-06-01 do Před 1 rokem
- MeSH
- geologické sedimenty analýza MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi metody MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
The freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils is considered the driver behind chemical bioavailability and, ultimately, toxic effects in benthic organisms. Therefore, quantifying Cfree, although challenging, is critical when assessing risks of contamination in field and spiked sediments and soils (e.g., when judging remediation necessity or interpreting results of toxicity assays performed for chemical safety assessments). Here, we provide a state-of-the-art passive sampling protocol for determining Cfree in sediment and soil samples. It represents an international consensus procedure, developed during a recent interlaboratory comparison study. The protocol describes the selection and preconditioning of the passive sampling polymer, critical incubation system component dimensions, equilibration and equilibrium condition confirmation, quantitative sampler extraction, quality assurance/control issues and final calculations of Cfree. The full procedure requires several weeks (depending on the sampler used) because of prolonged equilibration times. However, hands-on time, excluding chemical analysis, is approximately 3 d for a set of about 15 replicated samples.
Chemistry Department Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority Costa Mesa CA USA
Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
Geotechnics and Environment Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Oslo Norway
Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett RI USA
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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