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Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity
M. Flieger, E. Stodůlková, SA. Wyka, J. Černý, V. Grobárová, K. Píchová, P. Novák, P. Man, M. Kuzma, L. Cvak, KD. Broders, M. Kolařík,
Language English Country Switzerland
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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- MeSH
- Apoptosis drug effects MeSH
- Claviceps chemistry MeSH
- HeLa Cells MeSH
- Jurkat Cells MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mitochondria drug effects MeSH
- Mycotoxins analysis pharmacology toxicity MeSH
- Ergot Alkaloids analysis toxicity MeSH
- Cell Survival drug effects MeSH
- Xanthenes analysis toxicity MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Ergot, fungal genus Claviceps, are worldwide distributed grass pathogens known for their production of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs) and the great agricultural impact they have on both cereal crop and farm animal production. EAs are traditionally considered as the only factor responsible for ergot toxicity. Using broad sampling covering 13 ergot species infecting wild or agricultural grasses (including cereals) across Europe, USA, New Zealand, and South Africa we showed that the content of ergochrome pigments were comparable to the content of EAs in sclerotia. While secalonic acids A-C (SAs), the main ergot ergochromes (ECs), are well known toxins, our study is the first to address the question about their contribution to overall ergot toxicity. Based on our and published data, the importance of SAs in acute intoxication seems to be negligible, but the effect of chronic exposure needs to be evaluated. Nevertheless, they have biological activities at doses corresponding to quantities found in natural conditions. Our study highlights the need for a re-evaluation of ergot toxicity mechanisms and further studies of SAs' impact on livestock production and food safety.
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