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Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives
S. Roychoudhury, A. Das, P. Sengupta, S. Dutta, S. Roychoudhury, AP. Choudhury, ABF. Ahmed, S. Bhattacharjee, P. Slama,
Language English Country Switzerland
Document type Historical Article, Journal Article, Review
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 2004
PubMed Central
from 2005
Europe PubMed Central
from 2005
ProQuest Central
from 2009-01-01
Open Access Digital Library
from 2004-01-01
Open Access Digital Library
from 2005-01-01
Medline Complete (EBSCOhost)
from 2008-12-01
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 2009-01-01
Public Health Database (ProQuest)
from 2009-01-01
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
from 2004
- MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- HIV MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pandemics history MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Public Health MeSH
- Virus Diseases epidemiology physiopathology MeSH
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype MeSH
- Ebolavirus MeSH
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, 20th Century MeSH
- History, 21st Century MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The twenty-first century has witnessed some of the deadliest viral pandemics with far-reaching consequences. These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012) and Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2019-present). Age- and gender-based characterizations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with regard tohigher fatality rates in males, and in the older population with comorbidities. The invasion-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, involves binding of its spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors; MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whereas H1N1 influenza is equipped with hemagglutinin protein. The viral infections-mediated immunomodulation, and progressive inflammatory state may affect the functions of several other organs. Although no effective commercial vaccine is available for any of the viruses, those against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Until now, only Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine has received temporary authorization from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Given the frequent emergence of viral pandemics in the 21st century, proper understanding of their characteristics and modes of action are essential to address the immediate and long-term health consequences.
Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics Assam University Silchar 788011 India
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Silchar Medical College and Hospital Silchar 788014 India
Department of Pathology Silchar Medical College and Hospital Silchar 788014 India
References provided by Crossref.org
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