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Variability in retinoid-like activity of extracellular compound mixtures produced by wide spectra of phytoplankton species and contributing metabolites
M. Smutna, J. Vecerkova, J. Priebojova, M. Pipal, M. Krauss, K. Hilscherova
Language English Country Netherlands
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- MeSH
- Aphanizomenon * MeSH
- Phytoplankton MeSH
- Microcystis * MeSH
- Retinoids MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Some phytoplankton species were shown to produce teratogenic retinoids. This study assessed the variability in the extracellular production of compounds with retinoid-like activity for 50 independent cultivations of wide spectra of species including 12 cyanobacteria (15 strains) and 4 algae of different orders. Extracellular retinoid-like activity was detected for repeated cultivations of six cyanobacteria. The results were consistent for some species including Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon gracile. The detected retinoid-like activities ranged from below the limit of quantification of 16 ng/L to over 6 µg all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) equivalent/L. Nontargeted virtual fractionation together with suspect screening approach enabled to identify some retinoid-like compounds in exudates, including ATRA, 9/13-cis retinoic acid, all-trans 5,6-epoxy retinoic acid, 4keto-ATRA, 4keto-retinal, 4hydroxy-ATRA, and retinal. Most of them were for the first time repeatedly detected in exudates of all studied algae (at ng/L levels) and cyanobacteria. Their relative potencies ranged from 0.018 (retinal) to 1 compared to ATRA. They accounted for less than 0.1-50% of total detected retinoid-like activity. The high detected activities and concentrations of retinoids in some samples and their direct accessibility from exudates document potential risk of developmental toxicity for organisms in proximity of massive water blooms.
RECETOX Masaryk University Faculty of Science Brno Czech Republic
UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
References provided by Crossref.org
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