This commentary critically examines the modern paradigm of natural volatiles in 'medical aromatherapy', first by explaining the semantics of natural volatiles in health, then by addressing chemophenetic challenges to authenticity or reproducibility, and finally by elaborating on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in food, therapy, and disease prophylaxis. Research over the last 50 years has generated substantial knowledge of the chemical diversity of volatiles, and their strengths and weaknesses as antimicrobial agents. However, due to modest in vitro outcomes, the emphasis has shifted toward the ability to synergise or potentiate non-volatile natural or pharmaceutical drugs, and to modulate gene expression by binding to the lipophilic domain of mammalian cell receptors. Because essential oils and natural volatiles are small and lipophilic, they demonstrate high skin penetrating abilities when suitably encapsulated, or if derived from a dietary item they bioaccumulate in fatty tissues in the body. In the skin or body, they may synergise or drive de novo therapeutic outcomes that range from anti-inflammatory effects through to insulin sensitisation, dermal rejuvenation, keratinocyte migration, upregulation of hair follicle bulb stem cells or complementation of anti-cancer therapies. Taking all this into consideration, volatile organic compounds should be examined as candidates for prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease. Considering the modern understanding of biology, the science of natural volatiles may need to be revisited in the context of health and nutrition.

Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

Jodrell Science Laboratory Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond United Kingdom

000      

00000naa a2200000 a 4500

001      

bmc22001491

003      

CZ-PrNML

005      

20220112153618.0

007      

ta

008      

220107s2021 sz f 000 0|eng||

009      

AR

024    7_

$a 10.3389/fphar.2021.740302 $2 doi

035    __

$a (PubMed)34744723

040    __

$a ABA008 $b cze $d ABA008 $e AACR2

041    0_

$a eng

044    __

$a sz

100    1_

$a Sadgrove, Nicholas John $u Jodrell Science Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom

245    10

$a Pharmacology of Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils in Food, Therapy, and Disease Prophylaxis / $c NJ. Sadgrove, GF. Padilla-González, O. Leuner, I. Melnikovova, E. Fernandez-Cusimamani

520    9_

$a This commentary critically examines the modern paradigm of natural volatiles in 'medical aromatherapy', first by explaining the semantics of natural volatiles in health, then by addressing chemophenetic challenges to authenticity or reproducibility, and finally by elaborating on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in food, therapy, and disease prophylaxis. Research over the last 50 years has generated substantial knowledge of the chemical diversity of volatiles, and their strengths and weaknesses as antimicrobial agents. However, due to modest in vitro outcomes, the emphasis has shifted toward the ability to synergise or potentiate non-volatile natural or pharmaceutical drugs, and to modulate gene expression by binding to the lipophilic domain of mammalian cell receptors. Because essential oils and natural volatiles are small and lipophilic, they demonstrate high skin penetrating abilities when suitably encapsulated, or if derived from a dietary item they bioaccumulate in fatty tissues in the body. In the skin or body, they may synergise or drive de novo therapeutic outcomes that range from anti-inflammatory effects through to insulin sensitisation, dermal rejuvenation, keratinocyte migration, upregulation of hair follicle bulb stem cells or complementation of anti-cancer therapies. Taking all this into consideration, volatile organic compounds should be examined as candidates for prophylaxis of cardiovascular disease. Considering the modern understanding of biology, the science of natural volatiles may need to be revisited in the context of health and nutrition.

655    _2

$a časopisecké články $7 D016428

655    _2

$a přehledy $7 D016454

700    1_

$a Padilla-González, Guillermo Federico $u Jodrell Science Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom

700    1_

$a Leuner, Olga $u Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

700    1_

$a Melnikovova, Ingrid $u Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

700    1_

$a Fernandez-Cusimamani, Eloy $u Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

773    0_

$w MED00174597 $t Frontiers in pharmacology $x 1663-9812 $g Roč. 12, č. - (2021), s. 740302

856    41

$u https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34744723 $y Pubmed

910    __

$a ABA008 $b sig $c sign $y - $z 0

990    __

$a 20220107 $b ABA008

991    __

$a 20220112153614 $b ABA008

999    __

$a ind $b bmc $g 1745501 $s 1152638

BAS    __

$a 3

BAS    __

$a PreBMC

BMC    __

$a 2021 $b 12 $c - $d 740302 $e 20211021 $i 1663-9812 $m Frontiers in pharmacology $n Front Pharmacol $x MED00174597

LZP    __

$a Pubmed-20220107