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Human Prion Disorders: Review of the Current Literature and a Twenty-Year Experience of the National Surveillance Center in the Czech Republic

N. Jankovska, R. Rusina, M. Bruzova, E. Parobkova, T. Olejar, R. Matej

. 2021 ; 11 (10) : . [pub] 20211001

Language English Country Switzerland

Document type Journal Article, Review

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc22001638

Grant support
00064165 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
00064190 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
NV19-04-00090 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
NV18-04-00179 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
Project Progress Q27/LF1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze
142120 Univerzita Karlova v Praze

Human prion disorders (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSEs) are unique, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by aggregation of misfolded prion protein in neuronal tissue. Due to the potential transmission, human TSEs are under active surveillance in a majority of countries; in the Czech Republic data are centralized at the National surveillance center (NRL) which has a clinical and a neuropathological subdivision. The aim of our article is to review current knowledge about human TSEs and summarize the experience of active surveillance of human prion diseases in the Czech Republic during the last 20 years. Possible or probable TSEs undergo a mandatory autopsy using a standardized protocol. From 2001 to 2020, 305 cases of sporadic and genetic TSEs including 8 rare cases of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) were confirmed. Additionally, in the Czech Republic, brain samples from all corneal donors have been tested by the NRL immunology laboratory to increase the safety of corneal transplants since January 2007. All tested 6590 corneal donor brain tissue samples were negative for prion protein deposits. Moreover, the routine use of diagnostic criteria including biomarkers are robust enough, and not even the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted TSEs surveillance in the Czech Republic.

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