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Country-level correlates of the Dark Triad traits in 49 countries

PK. Jonason, M. Żemojtel-Piotrowska, J. Piotrowski, C. Sedikides, WK. Campbell, JE. Gebauer, J. Maltby, M. Adamovic, BG. Adams, AL. Kadiyono, KA. Atitsogbe, HY. Bundhoo, S. Bălțătescu, S. Bilić, JG. Brulin, P. Chobthamkit, A. Del Carmen...

. 2020 ; 88 (6) : 1252-1267. [pub] 20200701

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc22004787

OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean  = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.

Al Azhar University Gaza Gaza Palestine

Al Jouf University in Saudi Arabia Sakaka Saudi Arabia

Bangor University Bangor UK

Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University Warsaw Poland

College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic

Daugavpils University Daugavpils Latvia

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary

Federal University of Paraiba Paraiba Brazil

Ghent University Gent Belgium

Independent Researcher Islamabad Pakistan

Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research Belgrade Serbia

Instituto Universitário de Lisboa CIS IUL Lisboa Portugal

International Balkan University Skopje North Macedonia

International University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Karnatak University Dharwad Karnataka India

Lingnan Normal University Lingnan China

Menoufia University Al Minufya Egypt

Monash Business School Monash University Melbourne Australia

Montpelier Business School Montpelier France

Mother Teresa University Skopje North Macedonia

Nagoya University of Commerce and Business School Nagoya Japan

National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia

New Bulgarian University Sofya Bulgaria

Padjadjaran University Bandung Indonesia

Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Ambato Ecuador

Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology Nitra Slovakia

S Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University Pavlodar Kazakhstan

Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey

Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

Tallinn University Talinn Estonia

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine

Technische Universitat Dresden Dresden Germany

Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand

Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands

Universidad Catolica del Norte Antofagasta Chile

Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades Lima Peru

Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Mexico

University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland

University of Georgia Athens GA USA

University of Graz Graz Austria

University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa

University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

University of Leicester Leicester UK

University of Mannheim Mannheim Germany

University of Mauritius Moka Mauritius

University of Oradea Oradea Romania

University of Oran Oran Algeria

University of Padova Padua Italy

University of Southampton Southampton UK

Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands

Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand

Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia

References provided by Crossref.org

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$a OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean  = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.
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