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Prevalence of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Relapse-Associated Worsening in Patients With AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD

P. Siriratnam, S. Huda, A. Van Der Walt, PG. Sanfilippo, S. Sharmin, YC. Foong, WZ. Yeh, C. Zhu, SJ. Khoury, T. Csepany, B. Willekens, M. Etemadifar, S. Ozakbas, P. Nytrova, A. Altintas, A. Al-Asmi, CM. Ramo-Tello, G. Laureys, F. Patti, D....

Siriratnam, Pakeeran
Author Siriratnam, Pakeeran ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Huda, Saif
Author Huda, Saif ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Van Der Walt, Anneke
Author Van Der Walt, Anneke ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Sanfilippo, Paul G
Author Sanfilippo, Paul G ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Sharmin, Sifat
Author Sharmin, Sifat ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Foong, Yi Chao
Author Foong, Yi Chao ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Yeh, Wei Z
Author Yeh, Wei Z ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Zhu, Chao
Author Zhu, Chao ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Khoury, Samia J
Author Khoury, Samia J ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Csepany, Tunde
Author Csepany, Tunde ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Willekens, Barbara
Author Willekens, Barbara ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Etemadifar, Masoud
Author Etemadifar, Masoud From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Ozakbas, Serkan
Author Ozakbas, Serkan ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Nytrova, Petra
Author Nytrova, Petra From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Altintas, Ayse
Author Altintas, Ayse ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Al-Asmi, Abdullah
Author Al-Asmi, Abdullah ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Ramo-Tello, Cristina M
Author Ramo-Tello, Cristina M From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Laureys, Guy
Author Laureys, Guy ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Patti, Francesco
Author Patti, Francesco ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Horakova, Dana
Author Horakova, Dana ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Foschi, Matteo
Author Foschi, Matteo ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Boz, Cavit
Author Boz, Cavit ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Mccombe, Pamela A
Author Mccombe, Pamela A ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Turkoglu, Recai
Author Turkoglu, Recai ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Lechner-Scott, Jeannette
Author Lechner-Scott, Jeannette ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Roos, Izanne
Author Roos, Izanne ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Kalincik, Tomas
Author Authority ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Jokubaitis, Vilija G
Author Jokubaitis, Vilija G ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Butzkueven, Helmut
Author Butzkueven, Helmut ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
Monif, Mastura
Author Monif, Mastura ORCID From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
for MSBase
Author for MSBase

Neurology. 2024 ; 103 (12) : e209940. [pub] 20241119

ISSN 1526-632X
Medvik
Source

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Multicenter Study

Persistent link https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25002973

PubMed 39561307
DOI 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209940
Knihovny.cz E-resources

MeSH
Aquaporin 4 * immunology MeSH
Autoantibodies * blood MeSH
Adult MeSH
Immunoglobulin G * blood MeSH
Cohort Studies MeSH
Middle Aged MeSH
Humans MeSH
Neuromyelitis Optica * immunology epidemiology MeSH
Disability Evaluation MeSH
Prevalence MeSH
Disease Progression * MeSH
Recurrence * MeSH
Retrospective Studies MeSH
Check Tag
Adult MeSH
Middle Aged MeSH
Humans MeSH
Male MeSH
Female MeSH
Publication type
Journal Article MeSH
Multicenter Study MeSH

OBJECTIVES: In aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD), disability accrual is mostly attributed to relapses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-associated worsening (RAW) in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with AQP4-IgG NMOSD enrolled in the MSBase international data registry. Patients required a minimum of 3 recorded Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores: baseline, event, and a 6-month confirmation score. Presence and absence of relapses between the baseline and event EDSS scores determined RAW and PIRA, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients followed for a median of 4.5 years (Q1 1.7, Q3 7.8) were included. Most patients were female (88.4%), and the median age at disease onset was 38.1 years. Overall, 4 patients (2.2%) developed 5 incidences of PIRA and 13 patients developed RAW (7.2%). DISCUSSION: This multicenter study highlights that PIRA is very rare in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. Limitations of this study include the sole focus of overall EDSS to measure disability, lack of requirement for a second EDSS score to confirm baseline EDSS, and the absence of magnetic resonance imaging information for all patients.

College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Sultan Qaboos University Al Khodh Oman

CORe Department of Medicine University of Melbourne Victoria

Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L'Aquila Italy

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia Catania Italy

Department of Neurology Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia

Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem

Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Hungary

Department of Neurology Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey

Department of Neurology Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty Trabzon Turkey

Department of Neurology Koc University Istanbul Turkey

Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane Hospital

Department of Neurology University Hospital Ghent Belgium

Department of Neurology Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool United Kingdom

Department of Neuroscience Hospital Germans Trias 1 Pujol Badalona Spain

Department of Neuroscience MS Center Neurology Unit S Maria delle Croci Hospital AUSL Romagna Ravenna Italy

Faculty of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

From the Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria

Hunter Medical Research Institute Neurology University of Newcastle

Hunter New England Health John Hunter Hospital New South Wales Australia

Izmir University of Economics Medical Point Hospital

Multiple Sclerosis Research Association Izmir Turkey

Multiple Sclerosis Unit AOU Policlinico G Rodolico San Marco University of Catania

Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon

Neuroimmunology Centre Department of Neurology The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville

Neurology Dr Etemadifar MS Institute Isfahan Iran

Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart Tasmania Australia

Translational Neurosciences Research Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium

University of Queensland Australia

References provided by Crossref.org

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100 1_: $a Siriratnam, Pakeeran $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000347512102

245 10: $a Prevalence of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Relapse-Associated Worsening in Patients With AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD / $c P. Siriratnam, S. Huda, A. Van Der Walt, PG. Sanfilippo, S. Sharmin, YC. Foong, WZ. Yeh, C. Zhu, SJ. Khoury, T. Csepany, B. Willekens, M. Etemadifar, S. Ozakbas, P. Nytrova, A. Altintas, A. Al-Asmi, CM. Ramo-Tello, G. Laureys, F. Patti, D. Horakova, M. Foschi, C. Boz, PA. Mccombe, R. Turkoglu, J. Lechner-Scott, I. Roos, T. Kalincik, VG. Jokubaitis, H. Butzkueven, M. Monif, for MSBase

520 9_: $a OBJECTIVES: In aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD), disability accrual is mostly attributed to relapses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-associated worsening (RAW) in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with AQP4-IgG NMOSD enrolled in the MSBase international data registry. Patients required a minimum of 3 recorded Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores: baseline, event, and a 6-month confirmation score. Presence and absence of relapses between the baseline and event EDSS scores determined RAW and PIRA, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients followed for a median of 4.5 years (Q1 1.7, Q3 7.8) were included. Most patients were female (88.4%), and the median age at disease onset was 38.1 years. Overall, 4 patients (2.2%) developed 5 incidences of PIRA and 13 patients developed RAW (7.2%). DISCUSSION: This multicenter study highlights that PIRA is very rare in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. Limitations of this study include the sole focus of overall EDSS to measure disability, lack of requirement for a second EDSS score to confirm baseline EDSS, and the absence of magnetic resonance imaging information for all patients.

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700 1_: $a Huda, Saif $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000309803750

700 1_: $a Van Der Walt, Anneke $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000242787003

700 1_: $a Sanfilippo, Paul G $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000217789154

700 1_: $a Sharmin, Sifat $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000172949723

700 1_: $a Foong, Yi Chao $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/000000016447078X

700 1_: $a Yeh, Wei Z $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000253356612

700 1_: $a Zhu, Chao $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000339517501

700 1_: $a Khoury, Samia J $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000331986063

700 1_: $a Csepany, Tunde $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000283053209

700 1_: $a Willekens, Barbara $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000252128837

700 1_: $a Etemadifar, Masoud $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

700 1_: $a Ozakbas, Serkan $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000321404103

700 1_: $a Nytrova, Petra $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

700 1_: $a Altintas, Ayse $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000285245087

700 1_: $a Al-Asmi, Abdullah $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000228518157

700 1_: $a Ramo-Tello, Cristina M $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia

700 1_: $a Laureys, Guy $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000217084373

700 1_: $a Patti, Francesco $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000269230846

700 1_: $a Horakova, Dana $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000319150036

700 1_: $a Foschi, Matteo $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000203217155

700 1_: $a Boz, Cavit $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000309563304

700 1_: $a Mccombe, Pamela A $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000327048517

700 1_: $a Turkoglu, Recai $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/000000019724851X

700 1_: $a Lechner-Scott, Jeannette $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/000000023850447X

700 1_: $a Roos, Izanne $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000303713666

700 1_: $a Kalincik, Tomas $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000337781376 $7 xx0121848

700 1_: $a Jokubaitis, Vilija G $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000239424340

700 1_: $a Butzkueven, Helmut $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000339408727

700 1_: $a Monif, Mastura $u From the Department of Neuroscience (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., C.Z., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria; Department of Neurology (P.S., A.V.D.W., P.G.S., Y.C.F., W.Z.Y., V.G.J., H.B., M.M.), Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (P.S., S.H.), Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neuroimmunology Centre (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; CORe (S.S., I.R., T.K.), Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Royal Hobart Hospital (Y.C.F.), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center (S.J.K.), American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Neurology (T.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Neurology (B.W.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem; Translational Neurosciences Research Group (B.W.), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine (M.E.), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Neurology (M.E.), Dr. Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Izmir University of Economics (S.O.), Medical Point Hospital; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association (S.O.), Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (P.N., D.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (A.A.), School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (A.A.-A.), Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman; Department of Neuroscience (C.M.R.-T.), Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Neurology (G.L.), University Hospital Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies (F.P.), GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Unit (F.P.), AOU Policlinico G Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania; Department of Neuroscience (M.F.), MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB) (M.F.), University of L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology (C.B.), Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Neurology (P.A.M.), Royal Brisbane Hospital; University of Queensland (P.A.M.), Australia; Department of Neurology (R.T.), Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Hunter Medical Research Institute (J.L.-S.), Neurology, University of Newcastle; and Hunter New England Health (J.L.-S.), John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000164049768

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Prevalence of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity and Relapse-Associated Worsening in Patients With AQP4-IgG-Positive NMOSD

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