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Unraveling the role of human microglia in tick-borne encephalitis virus infection: insights into neuroinflammation and viral pathogenesis

V. Pranclova, L. Nedvedova, E. Kotounova, V. Hönig, M. Dvorakova, M. Davidkova, T. Bily, M. Vancova, D. Ruzek, M. Palus

. 2024 ; 26 (8) : 105383. [pub] 20240626

Jazyk angličtina Země Francie

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25003729

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a neurotropic orthoflavivirus responsible for severe infections of the central nervous system. Although neurons are predominantly targeted, specific involvement of microglia in pathogenesis of TBE is not yet fully understood. In this study, the susceptibility of human microglia to TBEV is investigated, focusing on productive infection and different immune responses of different viral strains. We investigated primary human microglia and two immortalized microglial cell lines exposed to three TBEV strains (Hypr, Neudörfl and 280), each differing in virulence. Our results show that all microglia cultures tested support long-term productive infections, regardless of the viral strain. In particular, immune response varied significantly with the viral strain, as shown by the differential secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as IP-10, MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6, quantified using a Luminex 48-plex assay. The most virulent strain triggered the highest cytokine induction. Electron tomography revealed substantial ultrastructural changes in the infected microglia, despite the absence of cytopathic effects. These findings underscore the susceptibility of human microglia to TBEV and reveal strain-dependent variations in viral replication and immune responses, highlighting the complex role of microglia in TBEV-induced neuropathology and contribute to a deeper understanding of TBE pathogenesis and neuroinflammation.

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

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$a Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a neurotropic orthoflavivirus responsible for severe infections of the central nervous system. Although neurons are predominantly targeted, specific involvement of microglia in pathogenesis of TBE is not yet fully understood. In this study, the susceptibility of human microglia to TBEV is investigated, focusing on productive infection and different immune responses of different viral strains. We investigated primary human microglia and two immortalized microglial cell lines exposed to three TBEV strains (Hypr, Neudörfl and 280), each differing in virulence. Our results show that all microglia cultures tested support long-term productive infections, regardless of the viral strain. In particular, immune response varied significantly with the viral strain, as shown by the differential secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as IP-10, MCP-1, IL-8 and IL-6, quantified using a Luminex 48-plex assay. The most virulent strain triggered the highest cytokine induction. Electron tomography revealed substantial ultrastructural changes in the infected microglia, despite the absence of cytopathic effects. These findings underscore the susceptibility of human microglia to TBEV and reveal strain-dependent variations in viral replication and immune responses, highlighting the complex role of microglia in TBEV-induced neuropathology and contribute to a deeper understanding of TBE pathogenesis and neuroinflammation.
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$a Kotounova, Eliska $u Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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$a Hönig, Vaclav $u Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Růžek, Daniel, $d 1981- $u Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic $7 stk2008441707
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