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The Use of Semaglutide in Patients With Renal Failure-A Retrospective Cohort Study

JJ. Long, SS. Sahi, AI. Lemke, J. Na, OA. Garcia Valencia, P. Budhiraja, HM. Wadei, V. Sudhindran, R. Benzo, MM. Clark, M. Shah, D. Fipps, P. Navratil, AA. Abdelrheem, AA. Shaik, DJ. Duffy, N. Pencovich, P. Shah, YC. Kudva, A. Kukla, TS. Diwan

. 2024 ; 30 (10) : 963-969. [pub] 20240716

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25004053

OBJECTIVE: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is approved for weight loss and diabetes treatment, but limited literature exists regarding semaglutide use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this project assessed the safety and efficacy of semaglutide among patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 4), eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 5) or on dialysis. METHODS: This is a retrospective electronic medical record based analysis of consecutive patients with advanced CKD (defined as CKD 4 or greater) who were started on semaglutide (injectable or oral). Data was collected between January 2018 and January 2023. Investigators verified CKD diagnosis and manually extracted data. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, paired t test, linear mixed effects models and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients with CKD 4 or greater who initiated semaglutide were included. Most patients had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (96.0%), and most were males (53.9%). The mean age was 66.8 y (SD 11.5) with the mean body mass index was 36.2 (SD 7.5). The initial doses were 3 mg orally and 0.25 mg by injection. Maximum prescribed dose was 1 mg (injectable) in 28 (45.2%) patients and 14 mg (orally) in 2 (14.2%) patients. Patients received semaglutide for a median duration of 17.4 (IQR 0.43, 48.8) months. Forty-eight (63.1%) patients reported no adverse effects associated with the therapy. Mean weight decreased from 106.2 (SD 24.2) to 101.3 (SD 27.3) kg (P < .001). Eight patients (16%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM discontinued insulin after starting semaglutide. Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 8.0% (SD 1.7) to 7.1% (SD 1.3) (P < .001). Adverse effects were the primary reason for semaglutide discontinuation (37.0%), with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this retrospective study semaglutide appears to be tolerated by most individuals with CKD 4 or greater despite associated gastrointestinal side effects similar to those observed in patients with better kidney function and leads to an improvement of glycemic control and insulin discontinuation in patients with T2DM. Modest weight loss (approximately 4.6% of the total body weight) was observed on the prescribed doses. Larger prospective randomized studies are needed to comprehensively assess the risks and benefits of semaglutide in patients with CKD 4 or greater and obesity.

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$a OBJECTIVE: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is approved for weight loss and diabetes treatment, but limited literature exists regarding semaglutide use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this project assessed the safety and efficacy of semaglutide among patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 4), eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 5) or on dialysis. METHODS: This is a retrospective electronic medical record based analysis of consecutive patients with advanced CKD (defined as CKD 4 or greater) who were started on semaglutide (injectable or oral). Data was collected between January 2018 and January 2023. Investigators verified CKD diagnosis and manually extracted data. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, paired t test, linear mixed effects models and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients with CKD 4 or greater who initiated semaglutide were included. Most patients had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (96.0%), and most were males (53.9%). The mean age was 66.8 y (SD 11.5) with the mean body mass index was 36.2 (SD 7.5). The initial doses were 3 mg orally and 0.25 mg by injection. Maximum prescribed dose was 1 mg (injectable) in 28 (45.2%) patients and 14 mg (orally) in 2 (14.2%) patients. Patients received semaglutide for a median duration of 17.4 (IQR 0.43, 48.8) months. Forty-eight (63.1%) patients reported no adverse effects associated with the therapy. Mean weight decreased from 106.2 (SD 24.2) to 101.3 (SD 27.3) kg (P < .001). Eight patients (16%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM discontinued insulin after starting semaglutide. Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 8.0% (SD 1.7) to 7.1% (SD 1.3) (P < .001). Adverse effects were the primary reason for semaglutide discontinuation (37.0%), with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common complaints. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this retrospective study semaglutide appears to be tolerated by most individuals with CKD 4 or greater despite associated gastrointestinal side effects similar to those observed in patients with better kidney function and leads to an improvement of glycemic control and insulin discontinuation in patients with T2DM. Modest weight loss (approximately 4.6% of the total body weight) was observed on the prescribed doses. Larger prospective randomized studies are needed to comprehensively assess the risks and benefits of semaglutide in patients with CKD 4 or greater and obesity.
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$a Sahi, Sukhdeep S $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Lemke, Adley I $u Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Na, Jie $u Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Garcia Valencia, Oscar A $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Budhiraja, Pooja $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Arizona
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$a Wadei, Hani M $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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$a Sudhindran, Vineeth $u Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Benzo, Roberto $u Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Clark, Matthew M $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Shah, Meera $u Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Fipps, David $u Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Navratil, Pavel $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia; Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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$a Abdelrheem, Ahmed A $u Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Shaik, Afsana A $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Duffy, Dustin J $u Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Pencovich, Niv $u Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Shah, Pankaj $u Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Kudva, Yogish C $u Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Kukla, Aleksandra $u Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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$a Diwan, Tayyab S $u Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address: diwan.tayyab@mayo.edu
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