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Detection of early relapse in multiple myeloma patients

T. Růžičková, M. Vlachová, L. Pečinka, M. Brychtová, M. Večeřa, L. Radová, S. Ševčíková, M. Jarošová, J. Havel, L. Pour, S. Ševčíková

. 2025 ; 20 (1) : 4. [pub] 20250129

Status not-indexed Language English Country England, Great Britain

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25008542

Grant support
MUNI/A/1587/2023 Masarykova Univerzita
FNBr, 65269705 University Hospital Brno
AZV NU21-03-00076 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102 European Union

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the quality and length of life of MM patients have significantly increased, MM remains a hard-to-treat disease; almost all patients relapse. As MM is highly heterogenous, patients relapse at different times. It is currently not possible to predict when relapse will occur; numerous studies investigating the dysregulation of non-coding RNA molecules in cancer suggest that microRNAs could be good markers of relapse. RESULTS: Using small RNA sequencing, we profiled microRNA expression in peripheral blood in three groups of MM patients who relapsed at different intervals. In total, 24 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT-qPCR confirmed changed levels of miR-598-3p in MM patients with different times to relapse. At the same time, differences in the mass spectra between groups were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were analyzed by machine learning. CONCLUSION: Mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning shows potential as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective preliminary screening technique to supplement current diagnostics.

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$a BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the quality and length of life of MM patients have significantly increased, MM remains a hard-to-treat disease; almost all patients relapse. As MM is highly heterogenous, patients relapse at different times. It is currently not possible to predict when relapse will occur; numerous studies investigating the dysregulation of non-coding RNA molecules in cancer suggest that microRNAs could be good markers of relapse. RESULTS: Using small RNA sequencing, we profiled microRNA expression in peripheral blood in three groups of MM patients who relapsed at different intervals. In total, 24 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT-qPCR confirmed changed levels of miR-598-3p in MM patients with different times to relapse. At the same time, differences in the mass spectra between groups were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were analyzed by machine learning. CONCLUSION: Mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning shows potential as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective preliminary screening technique to supplement current diagnostics.
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$a Pečinka, Lukáš $u Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic $u International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Brychtová, Monika $u Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Večeřa, Marek $u Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Radová, Lenka $u Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Ševčíková, Simona $u Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Jarošová, Marie $u Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Havel, Josef $u Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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$a Pour, Luděk $u Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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