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The International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS): A screening tool for clinical and organizational applications validated in 85 cultures from six continents
E. Charzyńska, A. Buźniak, SK. Czerwiński, N. Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Z. Schneider, T. Aavik, M. Adamowic, BG. Adams, SM. Al-Mahjoob, SAS. Almoshawah, J. Arrowsmith, S. Asatsa, S. Austin, S. Aziz, AB. Bakker, C. Balducci, E. Barros, S. Bălțătescu,...
Jazyk angličtina Země Maďarsko
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, validační studie
Grantová podpora
R15 DK128608
NIDDK NIH HHS - United States
NLK
Directory of Open Access Journals
od 2012
Free Medical Journals
od 2012
PubMed Central
od 2013
Open Access Digital Library
od 2013-01-01
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
od 2012
PubMed
39998574
DOI
10.1556/2006.2025.00005
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návykové chování * diagnóza MeSH
- pracovní stres diagnóza MeSH
- pracovní uspokojení * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky normy MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály normy MeSH
- psychometrie * normy přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the last decade's significant development in the scientific study of work addiction/workaholism, this area of research is still facing a fundamental challenge, namely the need for a valid and reliable measurement tool that shows cross-cultural invariance and, as such, allows for worldwide studies on this phenomenon. METHODS: An initial 16-item questionnaire, developed within an addiction framework, was administered alongside job stress, job satisfaction, and self-esteem measures in a total sample of 31,352 employees from six continents and 85 cultures (63.5% females, mean age of 39.24 years). RESULTS: Based on theoretical premises and psychometric testing, the International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS) was developed as a short measure representing essential features of work addiction. The seven-item version (IWAS-7), covering all seven components of work addiction, showed partial scalar invariance across 81 cultures, while the five-item version (IWAS-5) showed it across all 85 cultures. Higher levels of work addiction on both versions were associated with higher job stress, lower job satisfaction, and lower self-esteem across cultures. The optimal cut-offs for the IWAS-7 (24 points) and IWAS-5 (18 points) were established with an overall accuracy of 96% for both versions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The IWAS is a valid, reliable, and short screening scale that can be used in different cultures and languages, providing comparative and generalizable results. The scale can be used globally in clinical and organizational settings, with the IWAS-5 being recommended for most practical and clinical situations. This is the first study to provide data supporting the hypothesis that work addiction is a universal phenomenon worldwide.
Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia
Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences University of Macau Macao China
Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar
Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas Lisboa Portugal
Charles University Prague Czech Republic
College of Management Yuan Ze University Taiwan
College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Wasit University Al Kut Iraq
Daugavpils University Daugavpils Latvia
Department of Cardiology Astana Medical University Astana Kazakhstan
Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology New Bulgarian University Sofia Bulgaria
Department of Education and Psychology The Open University of Israel Ra'anana Israel
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani India
Department of Journalism and Advertising State University of Trade and Economics Kyiv Ukraine
Department of Life and Health Sciences University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
Department of Management and Marketing University of Macau Macao China
Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
Department of Psychology East Carolina University Greenville NC USA
Department of Psychology Faculty for Social Wellbeing University of Malta Msida Malta
Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia
Department of Psychology Faculty of Education Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait
Department of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Macau Macao China
Department of Psychology Indiana University Northwest Gary IN United States
Department of Psychology Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia
Department of Psychology Karnatak University Dharwad Dharwad India
Department of Psychology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Republic of Korea
Department of Psychology Universidad Católica del Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay
Department of Psychology University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Caserta Italy
Department of Psychology University of Chieti Pescara G d'Annunzio Chieti Italy
Department of Psychology University of Graz Graz Austria
Department of Psychology University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
Department of Psychology University of Liège Liège Belgium
Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Republic of Ireland
Department of Psychology University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Department of Social Sciences University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
Department of Sociology Psychology and Social Work University of the West Indies Mona Jamaica
Department of Special Needs Education Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Department of Work and Organizational Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
Department of Work Organization and Society Ghent University Ghent Belgium
Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona Spain
Faculty of Liberal Arts Department of Psychology Thammasat University Bangkok Thailand
Faculty of Media and Communication Singidunum University in Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
Faculty of Nursing Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
Faculty of Philosophy Nikšić University of Montenegro Podgorica Montenegro
Faculty of Psychology and Education Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
Faculty of Psychology Lomonosov Moscow State University Branch in Tashkent Tashkent Uzbekistan
Faculty of Psychology University of Social Sciences and Humanities Hanoi Vietnam
Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava Slovakia
Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
Institute of Psychology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
Institute of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
Institute of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Gdańsk Gdańsk Poland
Institute of Psychology Faculty of Social Sciences University of Silesia in Katowice Katowice Poland
Institute of Psychology of the University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
Institute of Psychology University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
Institute of Psychology University of Koblenz Koblenz Germany
Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
Institute of Psychology Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
Leeds University Business School Leeds United Kingdom
National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires Argentina
Pedagogy and Psychology Department Faculty of Social Sciences University of Tirana Tirana Albania
Psychology and Counseling Department An Najah National University Nablus Palestine
Psychology Department College of Arts University of Bahrain Sakhir Bahrain
Psychology Department Ibero American University Mexico City Mexico
Psychology Department School of Humanities and Social Sciences Khazar University Baku Azerbaijan
QualiPsy UR 1901 Université de Tours Tours France
Research Center Medical Cities Program MOI Saudi Arabia
Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Geyve Vocational School Turkey
Sao Paulo School of Business Administration FGV São Paulo Brazil
School of Business Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Santiago Chile
School of Education The University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia
School of Health Sciences Universidad Sudamericana Pedro Juan Caballero Paraguay
School of Liberal Arts M Narikbayev KAZGUU University Astana Kazakhstan
School of Management College of Business Massey University Albany New Zealand
School of Management Human Resource Management University of Vaasa Finland
School of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck University of London London United Kingdom
School of Psychology Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
Tanzania Institute of Education Dar es Salaam Tanzania
The Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya
Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
Universidad de Palermo Buenos Aires Argentina
Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz Bolivia
University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
University of Milano Bicocca Milan Italy
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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- $a Al-Mahjoob, Sami M $u 9Psychology Department, College of Arts, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain $1 https://orcid.org/0009000675190242
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- $a Almoshawah, Saad A S $u 10Research Center, Medical Cities Program-MOI, Saudi Arabia $1 https://orcid.org/0009000096373976
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- $a Arrowsmith, Jim $u 11School of Management, College of Business, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand $1 https://orcid.org/0000000292054190
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- $a Asatsa, Stephen $u 12The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya $1 https://orcid.org/0000000210452583
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- $a Bhatia, Nitesh $u 22Department of Business Administration, School of Management Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India $1 https://orcid.org/0000000199276733
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- $a Boer, Diana $u 24Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
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- $a Caspi, Avner $u 25Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel $1 https://orcid.org/0000000306196772
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- $a Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin $u 26Faculty of Liberal Arts, Department of Psychology, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand $1 https://orcid.org/0000000171649307
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- $a Chan, Connie I M $u 27Department of Management and Marketing, University of Macau, Macao, China $1 https://orcid.org/000000016599194X
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- $a Clark, Marilyn $u 31Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social Wellbeing, University of Malta, Msida, Malta $1 https://orcid.org/000000030459761X
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- $a Čekrlija, ĐorĐe $u 32Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina $u 33Institute of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany $1 https://orcid.org/0000000181778663
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- $a Demetrovics, Zsolt $u 34Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary $u 35Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar $u 36Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000156047551
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- $a Fernandez, Maria Eugenia $u 42Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU), Montevideo, Uruguay $u 43Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University (UGENT), Ghent, Belgium $1 https://orcid.org/0000000291970015
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- $a Fernet, Claude $u 13Department of Human Resources Management, Business School, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada $1 https://orcid.org/0000000160289596
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- $a Gadelrab, Hesham F $u 44Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait $u 45Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt $1 https://orcid.org/000000030037606X
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- $a Massoudi, Koorosh $u 79Institute of Psychology of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000193071294
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- $a Øvergård, Kjell Ivar $u 87Department of Health, Social and Welfare Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Campus Vestfold, Borre, Norway $1 https://orcid.org/0000000240294344
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- $a Serrano-Fernández, María José $u 96Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain $1 https://orcid.org/0000000303635522
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- $a Matić, Jelena Sladojević $u 98Faculty of Media and Communication, Singidunum University in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia $1 https://orcid.org/0000000337734203
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- $a Sobhie, Rosita $u 99Interfaculty for Graduate Studies and Research, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname $1 https://orcid.org/000000023627974X
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- $a Spagnoli, Paola $u 100Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy $1 https://orcid.org/0000000206379205
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- $a Story, Joana $u 101Sao Paulo School of Business Administration, FGV, São Paulo, Brazil $1 https://orcid.org/0000000315298172
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