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Prodrugging fungicidal amphotericin B significantly decreases its toxic effects

O. Štěpánek, M. Parigger, E. Procházková, A. Čmoková, M. Kolařík, H. Dračínská, V. Černá, K. Kalíková, V. Grobárová, J. Černý, J. Scheler, G. Schweiger, U. Binder, O. Baszczyňski

. 2025 ; 283 (-) : 117157. [pub] 20241209

Language English Country France

Document type Journal Article

Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most effective antifungal drugs, with a strong, dose-dependent activity against most Candida and Aspergillus species responsible for life-threatening infections. However, AmB is severely toxic, which hinders its broad use. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that prodrugging AmB considerably decreases AmB toxicity without affecting its fungicidal activity. For this purpose, we modified the AmB structure by attaching a designer phosphate promoiety, thereby switching off its mode of action and preventing its toxic effects. The original fungicidal activity of AmB was then restored upon prodrug activation by host plasma enzymes. These AmB prodrugs showed a safer toxicity profile than commercial AmB deoxycholate in Candida and Aspergillus species and significantly prolonged larval survival of infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Based on these findings, prodrugging toxic antifungals may be a viable strategy for broadening the antifungal arsenal, opening up opportunities for targeted prodrug design.

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$a Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most effective antifungal drugs, with a strong, dose-dependent activity against most Candida and Aspergillus species responsible for life-threatening infections. However, AmB is severely toxic, which hinders its broad use. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that prodrugging AmB considerably decreases AmB toxicity without affecting its fungicidal activity. For this purpose, we modified the AmB structure by attaching a designer phosphate promoiety, thereby switching off its mode of action and preventing its toxic effects. The original fungicidal activity of AmB was then restored upon prodrug activation by host plasma enzymes. These AmB prodrugs showed a safer toxicity profile than commercial AmB deoxycholate in Candida and Aspergillus species and significantly prolonged larval survival of infected Galleria mellonella larvae. Based on these findings, prodrugging toxic antifungals may be a viable strategy for broadening the antifungal arsenal, opening up opportunities for targeted prodrug design.
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$a Parigger, Marie $u Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41/2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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$a Procházková, Eliška $u Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 542/2, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic
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$a Čmoková, Adéla $u Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
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$a Kolařík, Miroslav $u Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
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$a Dračínská, Helena $u Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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$a Černá, Věra $u Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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$a Kalíková, Květa $u Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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$a Grobárová, Valéria $u Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 1594/7, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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$a Černý, Jan $u Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 1594/7, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic
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$a Scheler, Jakob $u Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41/2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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$a Schweiger, Gottfried $u Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41/2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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$a Binder, Ulrike $u Medical University Innsbruck, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Schöpfstrasse 41/2, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. Electronic address: ulrike.binder@i-med.ac.at
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$a Baszczyňski, Ondřej $u Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague, 128 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 542/2, Prague, 160 00, Czech Republic. Electronic address: ondrej.baszczynski@natur.cuni.cz
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