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Unveiling the guardians of the genome: The dynamic role of histones in DNA organization and disease
P. Vijayalakshmi, M. Gowdham, DC. Dinesh, A. Sibiya, B. Vaseeharan, C. Selvaraj
Jazyk angličtina Země Nizozemsko
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, přehledy
- MeSH
- chromatin metabolismus genetika chemie MeSH
- DNA * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- genom MeSH
- histony * metabolismus chemie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair. This review delves into their complex structure and function in DNA assembly, their role in nucleosome assembly, and the higher-order chromatin structures they generate. We look at the five different types of histone proteins: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and their variations. These histones bind with DNA to produce nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin that are essential for compacting DNA and controlling its accessibility. Their dynamic control of chromatin accessibility has important implications for genomic stability and cellular activities. We elucidate regulatory mechanisms in both normal and pathological situations by investigating their structural features, diverse interaction mechanisms, and chromatin impact. In addition, we discuss the functions of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their significance in various disorders. These alterations, which include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, are crucial in regulating histone function and chromatin dynamics. We specifically describe and explore the role of changed histones in the evolution of cancer, neurological disorders, sepsis, autoimmune illnesses, and inflammatory conditions. This comprehensive review emphasizes histone's critical role in genomic integrity and their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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- $a Vijayalakshmi, Periyasamy $u P.G and Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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- $a Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair. This review delves into their complex structure and function in DNA assembly, their role in nucleosome assembly, and the higher-order chromatin structures they generate. We look at the five different types of histone proteins: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and their variations. These histones bind with DNA to produce nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin that are essential for compacting DNA and controlling its accessibility. Their dynamic control of chromatin accessibility has important implications for genomic stability and cellular activities. We elucidate regulatory mechanisms in both normal and pathological situations by investigating their structural features, diverse interaction mechanisms, and chromatin impact. In addition, we discuss the functions of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their significance in various disorders. These alterations, which include methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, are crucial in regulating histone function and chromatin dynamics. We specifically describe and explore the role of changed histones in the evolution of cancer, neurological disorders, sepsis, autoimmune illnesses, and inflammatory conditions. This comprehensive review emphasizes histone's critical role in genomic integrity and their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.
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- $a Gowdham, Manivel $u Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, KMCH Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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- $a Sibiya, Ashokkumar $u Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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- $a Selvaraj, Chandrabose $u CsrDD Lab, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, India. Electronic address: selva@csrdd.org
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