In families with the risk of cleft lip and palate at the Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Prague a preconception and prenatal protective regime (planned conception) is ensured. The protective regime comprises a recommended time of conception, elimination of possible medical causes of the defect, investigation of infections of group TROCH, optimalization of the living and working environment. Gynaecological care is focused on the hormonal status of the women, gynaecological inflammations and hypoplasia of the uterus. Two months before conception a diet rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, trace elements and folic acid is recommended. The authors discuss possible risks of this method, problems of evaluation of the results and possibilities of testing its effectiveness.