BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of biliary tract cancers is poor. The aim of the present report was to analyze retrospectively the effectiveness of regional chemotherapy in patients with biliary tract cancers treated at a single institution. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-two patients with biliary tract cancers, 17 patients with cholangiocarcinoma and 15 patients with gallbladder carcinoma, were treated by regional administration of the chemotherapy, usually the combination of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and folinic acid. Eighteen patients with inoperable tumors received no surgical treatment, 10 patients were treated by palliative resection (cohort B), and 4 patients received radical surgery (cohort C). RESULTS: The median survival of the patients is (mean +/- standard deviation) 14 +/- 17+ (median 7+) months for cohort A patients, 22 +/- 17+ (median 17+) months for cohort B patients, and 32 +/- 4+ (median 33+) months for cohort C patients. One-year survival was 38% (6 out of 16 patients) for cohort A, 80% (8 out of 10 patients) for cohort B, and 100% (4 out of 4 patients for cohort C). Two-year survival was 15% (2 out of 13) for cohort A, 30% (3 out of 10) for cohort B, and 100% (4 out of 4) for cohort C. One out of 12 patients (8%) in cohort A and 1 out of 10 patients (10%) in cohort B survived more than 5 years. After intraarterial chemotherapy, a significant increase was observed in the absolute numbers of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ and CD8+CD28+ lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD3+CD4+ and natural killer lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Regional chemotherapy is active in controlling the disease, and seems to result in prolongation of survival in patients with biliary tract cancer. Administration of regional chemotherapy is also associated with a rise of circulating lymphocyte numbers.

Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Charles University Medical School and Teaching Hospital 500 05 Hradec Králové Czech Republic