OBJECTIVES: There is some evidence that dietary components that are rich in antioxidant and vitamins are inversely associated with DNA adduct levels induced by environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, although the epidemiologic data are inconsistent. This study addresses the association between vitamins, DNA adducts and smoking. METHODS: A combined analysis of individual data on the association between bulky DNA adducts and dietary vitamins was conducted. A Medline search was performed to identify studies on healthy subjects in which smoking and vitamins intake information were available, and bulky DNA adducts were measured in peripheral blood with 32P-postlabelling. Eight published studies met the eligibility criteria, and individual data from 7 data sets including 2758 subjects were obtained. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were also available on all the subjects. RESULTS: Vitamin E was inversely significantly associated with DNA adducts after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Vitamins A and C were not independent predictors of DNA adducts. A stratified analysis showed that vitamin A had a significant inverse association with DNA adducts in ever smokers only. CONCLUSIONS: This result is relevant to planning any future chemo-preventive interventions directed to high risk subgroups of the population, for cancer prevention.

Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group Biocentre University of Leicester UK

Cancer Risk Factor Branch ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute Florence Italy

Catalan Institute of Oncology Barcelona Spain

Department of Medical Biology Medical Faculty University P J Šafárik Košice Slovak Republic

Genetics Research Institute ONLUS Milan Italy

Imperial College London London UK; University of Turin Turin Italy

ISI Foundation Turin Italy

Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology Institute of Experimental Medicine of Academy AS CR and Health Institute of Central Bohemia Prague Czech Republic

National Center of Public Health Protection Sofia Bulgaria

SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn NY USA

University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center Pittsburgh PA USA

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Veglia F, Loft S, Matullo G, Peluso M, Munnia A, Perera F, et al. DNA adducts and cancer risk in prospective studies: a pooled analysis and a meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis. 2008;29:932–936. PubMed

Peluso M, Munnia A, Hoek G, Krzyzanowski M, Veglia F, Airoldi L, et al. DNA adducts and lung cancer risk: a prospective study. Cancer Res. 2005;65:8042–8. PubMed

Tang D, Phillips DH, Stampfer M, et al. Association between carcinogen DNA adducts in white blood cells and lung cancer risk in the physicians' health study. Cancer Res. 2001;61:6708–6712. PubMed

Bak H, Autrup H, Thomsen BL, Tjonneland A, Overvad K, Vogel U, et al. Bulky DNA adducts as risk indicator of lung cancer in a Danish case-cohort study. Int. J. Cancer. 2006;118:1618–1622. PubMed

Georgiadis P, Topinka J, Stoikidou M, Kaila S, Gioka M, Katsouyanni K, et al. AULIS Network, Biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution (the AULIS project): bulky DNA adducts in subjects with moderate to low exposures to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke and other parameters. Carcinogenesis. 2001;22:1447–1457. PubMed

Palli D, Masala G, Vineis P, Garte S, Saieva C, Krogh V, et al. Biomarkers of dietary intake of micronutrients modulate DNA adduct levels in healthy adults. Carcinogenesis. 2003;24:739–746. PubMed

Besaratinia A, Maas LM, Brouwer EM, Kleinjans JC, Van Schooten FJ. Comparison between smoking-related DNA adduct analysis in induced sputum and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21:1335–40. PubMed

Phillips DH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diet. Mutat Res. 1999;443:139–147. PubMed

Palli D, Masala G, Peluso M, Gaspari L, Krogh V, Munnia A, et al. The effects of diet on DNA bulky adduct levels are strongly modified by GSTM1 genotype: a study on 634 subjects. Carcinogenesis. 2004;25:577–584. PubMed

Peluso M, Airoldi L, Munnia A, Colombi A, Veglia F, Autrup H, et al. Bulky DNA adducts, 4-aminobiphenyl haemoglobin adducts and diet in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) prospective study. Br J Nutr. 2008;100:489–495. PubMed

Raimondi S, Garte S, Sram RJ, Binkova B, Kalina I, Lyubomirova K, et al. Effects of diet on biomarkers of exposure and effects, and on oxidative damage. Mutat Res. 2007;620:93–102. PubMed

Sram RJ, Farmer P, Singh R, Garte S, Kalina I, Popov TA, et al. Effect of vitamin levels on biomarkers of exposure and oxidative damage-the EXPAH study. Mutat Res. 2009;672:129–34. PubMed

Rossner P, Svecova V, Milcova A, Lnenickova Z, Solansky I, Santella RM, Sram RJ. Oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in bus drivers. Mutat Res. 2007;617:23–32. PubMed

Topinka J, Sevastyanova O, Binkova B, Chvatalova I, Milcova A, Lnenickova Z, et al. Biomarkers of air pollution exposure—a study of policemen in Prague. Mutat. Res. 2007;624:9–17. PubMed

Mooney LA, Bell DA, Santella RM, Van Bennekum AM, Ottman R, Paik M, et al. Contribution of genetic and nutritional factors to DNA damage in heavy smokers. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18:503–9. PubMed

Jacobson JS, Begg MD, Wang LW, Wang Q, Agarwal M, Norkus E, et al. Effects of a 6-month vitamin intervention on DNA damage in heavy smokers. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:1303–11. PubMed

Shen J, Gammon MD, Terry MB, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhang F, et al. Polymorphisms in XRCC1 modify the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, cigarette smoking, dietary antioxidants, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:336–42. PubMed

Grinberg-Funes RA, Singh VN, Perera FP, Bell DA, Young TL, Dickey C, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in smokers and their relationship to micronutrient levels and the glutathione-S-transferase M1 genotype. Carcinogenesis. 1994;15:2449–54. PubMed

Ayi Fanou L, Mobio TA, Creppy EE, Fayomi B, Fustoni S, Møller P, et al. Survey of air pollution in Cotonou, Benin--air monitoring and biomarkers. Sci. Total Environ. 2006;358:85–96. PubMed

Castaño-Vinyals G, Talaska G, Rothman N, Alguacil J, Garcia-Closas M, Dosemeci M, et al. Bulky DNA adduct formation and risk of bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:2155–9. PubMed

Kyrtopoulos SA, Georgiadis P, Autrup H, Demopoulos NA, Farmer P, Haugen A, et al. Biomarkers of genotoxicity of urban air pollution. Overview and descriptive data from a molecular epidemiology study on populations exposed to moderate-to-low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the AULIS project. Mutat. Res. 2001;496:207–28. PubMed

Peluso M, Airoldi L, Magagnotti C, Fiorini L, Munnia A, Hautefeuille A, et al. White blood cell DNA adducts and fruit and vegetable consumption in bladder cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2000;21:183–7. PubMed

Palli D, Vineis P, Russo A, Berrino F, Krogh V, Masala G, et al. Diet, metabolic polymorphisms and DNA adducts: the EPIC-Italy cross-sectional study. Int. J. Cancer. 2000;87:444–451. PubMed

Agudo A, Peluso M, Sala N, Capellá G, Munnia A, Piro S, et al. Aromatic DNA adducts and polymorphisms in metabolic genes in healthy adults: findings from the EPIC-Spain cohort. Carcinogenesis. 2009;30:968–976. PubMed

Ibáñez R, Peluso M, Munnia A, Piro S, González CA, Amiano P, et al. Aromatic DNA adducts in relation to dietary and other lifestyle factors in Spanish adults. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2009;229:549–559.

Wang Y, Ichiba M, Iyadomi M, Zhang J, Tomokuni K. Effects of genetic polymorphism of metabolic enzymes, nutrition, and lifestyle factors on DNA adduct formation in lymphocytes. Ind. Health. 1998;36:337–46. PubMed

Wang Y, Ichiba M, Oishi H, Iyadomi M, Shono N, Tomokuni K. Relationship between plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and alphatocopherol and life-style factors and levels of DNA adducts in lymphocytes. Nutr. Cancer. 1997;27:69–73. PubMed

Rossnerova A, Spatova M, Rossner P, Solansky I, Sram RJ. The impact of air pollution on the levels of micronuclei measured by automated image analysis. Mutat. Res. 2009;669:42–47. PubMed

Phillips DH, Castegnaro M. Standardization and validation of DNA adduct postlabelling methods, report of inter laboratory trials and production of recommended protocols. Mutagenesis. 1999;14:301–315. PubMed

Ibáñez R, Munnia M, Agudo A, Berenguer A, Amiano P, Tormo MJ, Barricarte A, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ, González CA, Peluso M. Reliability of bulky DNA adducts measurement by the nuclease P1 32P-postlabelling technique. Biomarkers. 2005;10:1–9. PubMed

Tanishima K, Kita M. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of plasma ascorbic acid in relationship to health care. J. Chromatogr. 1993;613:275–280. PubMed

Driskell WJ, Neese JW, Bryant CC, Bashor MM. Measurement of vitamin A and vitamin E in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1982;231:439–444. PubMed

Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Br. Med. J. 1997;315:629–634. PubMed PMC

Srám RJ, Rössner P, Smerhovský Z. Cytogenetic analysis and occupational health in the Czech Republic. Mutat. Res. 2004;566:21–48. PubMed

Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ. Preventive nutrition and lung cancer. In: Bendich A, Decklebaum RJ, editors. Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. Humana Press Inc; Totowa: 2001. pp. 97–129.