Risk of combined exposure of birds to cyanobacterial biomass containing microcystins, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and anticoagulant
Language English Country Sweden Media print
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
23353860
PII: NEL330912A23
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- MeSH
- 4-Hydroxycoumarins toxicity MeSH
- Anticoagulants toxicity MeSH
- Biomass MeSH
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors toxicity MeSH
- Coturnix * MeSH
- Liver drug effects MeSH
- Carcinogens toxicity MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal drug effects MeSH
- Kidney drug effects MeSH
- Microcystins toxicity MeSH
- Brain drug effects MeSH
- Random Allocation MeSH
- Paraoxon toxicity MeSH
- Lung drug effects MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Cyanobacteria chemistry MeSH
- Heart drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- 4-Hydroxycoumarins MeSH
- Anticoagulants MeSH
- bromadiolone MeSH Browser
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors MeSH
- Carcinogens MeSH
- Microcystins MeSH
- Paraoxon MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that a combination of cyanobacterial biomass containing microcystins, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and anticoagulant can enhance avian toxic effects produced by single exposures only. METHODS: A total of 48 two-month-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with average body weight of 160 g were randomly divided into 8 experimental groups of six birds and sex ratio of 1:1. Experimental groups of control Japanese quails (C) and birds exposed to single and combined sub-lethal doses of paraoxon (P), bromadiolone (B), and microcystins in cyanobacterial biomass (M) included: C, P, P+B, B, B+M, P+M, M, and P+B+M. During the 10-day exposure birds in the respective groups received biomass containing 61.62 µg microcystins daily (i.e. 26.54 µg MC-RR, 7.62 µg MC-YR and 27.39 µg MC-LR), two 250 μg/kg doses of paraoxon, and two 500 mg/kg doses of bromadiolone. Group responses were compared using standard plasma biochemistry and antioxidant/oxidative stress parameters in tissues. RESULTS: While single and double combinations of toxicants induced responses in individual biochemical parameters measured and evaluated using univariate statistical analysis, those in the triple exposure were most extensive. The principal component analysis of antioxidant/oxidative stress parameters (glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, lungs, gonads, and pectoralis major muscle) clearly separated the triple group (P+B+M) from all single and double exposure groups and the control and indicated thus marked joint effects in the overall pattern of antioxidant/oxidative stress responses of this group. The separation was driven by the modification of the ferric reducing antioxidant power levels in heart and brain and the cardiac lipid peroxidation level, in particular. CONCLUSIONS: This experiment contributes to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of combined sub-lethal exposure to natural toxins and agrochemicals and may be used for risk assessment of environmental pollution in birds.