Translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1A) and the related GTPase EF-like (EFL) are two proteins with a complex mutually exclusive distribution across the tree of eukaryotes. Recent surveys revealed that the distribution of the two GTPases in even closely related taxa is frequently at odds with their phylogenetic relationships. Here, we investigate the distribution of EF1A and EFL in the alveolate supergroup. Alveolates comprise three major lineages: ciliates and apicomplexans encode EF1A, whereas dinoflagellates encode EFL. We searched transcriptome databases for seven early-diverging alveolate taxa that do not belong to any of these groups: colpodellids, chromerids, and colponemids. Current data suggest all seven are expected to encode EF1A, but we find three genera encode EFL: Colpodella, Voromonas, and the photosynthetic Chromera. Comparing this distribution with the phylogeny of alveolates suggests that EF1A and EFL evolution in alveolates cannot be explained by a simple horizontal gene transfer event or lineage sorting.

Belozersky Institute for Physico Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Russian Federation Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation

Belozersky Institute for Physico Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Russian Federation Institute for Information Transmission Problems Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation National Research Institute of Physiology Biochemistry and Nutrition of Farm Animals Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Borovsk Kaluga Region Russian Federation

Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Botany Department University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

Botany Department University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences Borok Yaroslavl Province Russian Federation

Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Russian Federation

Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences Borok Yaroslavl Province Russian Federation

Institute of Gene Pool of Plants and Animals Uzbek Academy of Sciences Tashkent Republic of Uzbekistan

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Diverse alveolate infections of tadpoles, a new threat to frogs?

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