Serum microRNAs are emerging as a clinically useful tool for early and non-invasive detection of various cancer types including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Based on our previous results, we performed the study to analyze circulating serum miR-378 and miR-210 in patients with various histological subtypes of RCC. RNA was purified from blood serum samples of 195 RCC patients and 100 healthy controls. The levels of miR-378 and miR-210 in serum were determined absolutely using quantitative real-time PCR. Pre- and postoperative levels of both microRNAs were compared in 20 RCC patients. Significantly increased serum levels of both miR-378 and miR-210 enabled to clearly distinguish RCC patients and healthy controls with 80% sensitivity and 78% specificity if analyzed in combination (p<0.0001), and their levels significantly decreased in the time period of three months after radical nephrectomy (p<0.0001). Increased level of miR-378 positively correlates with disease-free survival (p=0.036) and clinical stage (p=0.0476). The analysis of serum miR-378 and miR-210 proved their potential to serve as powerful non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in RCC.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno 62500 Czech Republic

Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno 65653 Czech Republic

Department of Urologic Oncology Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno 65653 Czech Republic

Department of Urology University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University Brno Brno 62500 Czech Republic

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