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Wastewater analysis: the mean of the monitoring of frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in Slovakia

Mackuľak, Tomáš
Author Mackuľak, Tomáš Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia. mackulakt@azet.sk
Birošová, Lucia
Author Birošová, Lucia Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
Gál, Miroslav
Author Gál, Miroslav Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
Bodík, Igor
Author Bodík, Igor Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
Grabic, Roman
Author Grabic, Roman Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 01, Vodnany, Czech Republic
Ryba, Jozef
Author Ryba, Jozef Department Fibers and Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
Škubák, Jaroslav
Author Škubák, Jaroslav Institute of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia

Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2016 Jan ; 188 (1) : 18. [epub] 20151209

Environ Monit Assess
ISSN 1573-2959 | 0167-6369
Source

Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Persistent link https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid26650204

PubMed 26650204
DOI 10.1007/s10661-015-5011-7
PII: 10.1007/s10661-015-5011-7
Knihovny.cz E-resources

Keywords
Drugs, LC-MS/MS, Monitoring, Psychoactive pharmaceuticals, Wastewater,
MeSH
Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis MeSH
Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis MeSH
Humans MeSH
Environmental Monitoring * MeSH
Waste Disposal, Fluid methods MeSH
Wastewater analysis chemistry MeSH
Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
Cities MeSH
Check Tag
Humans MeSH
Publication type
Journal Article MeSH
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Geographicals
Slovakia MeSH
Cities MeSH
Names of Substances
Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH
Pharmaceutical Preparations MeSH
Waste Water MeSH

The estimation of medication use is based on the statistical data from pharmacies and hospitals. Excessive use or misuse of some compounds, especially psychoactive medications, has not yet been monitored in Slovakia. Wastewater analysis provides useful data about the medication use and misuse in individual regions. This study is focused on the analysis of 23 substances in the wastewaters of Slovakia. The monitoring programme has included stimulants, opioid and morphine derivatives, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, drug precursors and their metabolites. Urinary markers of these compounds were analysed at WWTP influent in seven regions (Bratislava, Košice, Zvolen, Banská Bystrica, Trenčín, Prešov a Piešťany) using LC-MS/MS technique. The analysis was performed from March to October 2013. The pattern in use of these compounds was also monitored. Tramadol and venlafaxine were found to be the most concentrated compounds among of all studied psychoactive pharmaceuticals. The highest specific loads of tramadol were detected in Piešťany (409 mg/day/1000 inhabitants) and Zvolen (366 mg/day/1000 inhabitants). There is a considerable number of spa facilities (hotels) situated in these cities and this fact contributes to a higher occurrence of these psychoactive compounds in respective wastewaters.

Department Fibers and Textile Chemistry Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Inorganic Technology Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia

Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Zatisi 728 2 389 01 Vodnany Czech Republic

Institute of Biochemistry Nutrition and Health Protection Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia

Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology Radlinského 9 812 37 Bratislava Slovakia

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