Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy has emerged as a powerful platform for 3-D volumetric imaging in the life sciences. Here, we introduce an important step towards its use deep inside biological tissue. Our new technique, based on digital holography, enables delivery of the light-sheet through a multimode optical fibre--an optical element with extremely small footprint, yet permitting complex control of light transport processes within. We show that this approach supports some of the most advanced methods in light-sheet microscopy: by taking advantage of the cylindrical symmetry of the fibre, we facilitate the wavefront engineering methods for generation of both Bessel and structured Bessel beam plane illumination. Finally, we assess the quality of imaging on a sample of fluorescent beads fixed in agarose gel and we conclude with a proof-of-principle imaging of a biological sample, namely the regenerating operculum prongs of Spirobranchus lamarcki.

CEITEC Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Technická 10 Brno 616 00 Czech Republic

Ewing Building School of Engineering Physics and Mathematics University of Dundee Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland

School of Medicine University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TF Scotland

SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS Scotland

The Scottish Oceans Institute Gatty Marine Laboratory University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 8LB Scotland

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High-fidelity multimode fibre-based endoscopy for deep brain in vivo imaging