Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, the etiology of which involves both genetic and environmental factors. The exact nature of the environmental factors responsible for predisposition to MS remains elusive; however, it's hypothesized that gastrointestinal microbiota might play an important role in pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether gut microbiota are altered in MS by comparing the fecal microbiota in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 31) patients to that of age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 36). Phylotype profiles of the gut microbial populations were generated using hypervariable tag sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Detailed fecal microbiome analyses revealed that MS patients had distinct microbial community profile compared to healthy controls. We observed an increased abundance of Psuedomonas, Mycoplana, Haemophilus, Blautia, and Dorea genera in MS patients, whereas control group showed increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Adlercreutzia and Prevotella genera. Thus our study is consistent with the hypothesis that MS patients have gut microbial dysbiosis and further study is needed to better understand their role in the etiopathogenesis of MS.

Department of Biophysics Mayo Clinic 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55905 USA

Department of Gastroenterology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55905 USA

Department of Pathology 25 S Grand Ave 1080 ML University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

Department of Surgical Research Mayo Clinic 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55905 USA

Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55905 USA

International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekařská 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

Mayo Clinic Center for Multiple Sclerosis and CNS Demyelinating Diseases Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine 200 1st ST SW Rochester MN 55905 USA

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