Evidence for the sexual origin of heterokaryosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Jazyk angličtina Země Anglie, Velká Británie Médium electronic
Typ dokumentu dopisy, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., práce podpořená grantem
PubMed
27572831
DOI
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.33
PII: nmicrobiol201633
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- fungální geny pro párovací typ * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- genom fungální * MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- mykorhiza genetika fyziologie MeSH
- rekombinace genetická MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous among eukaryotes, and fully asexual lineages are extremely rare. Prominent among ancient asexual lineages are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a group of plant symbionts with a multinucleate cytoplasm. Genomic divergence among co-existing nuclei was proposed to drive the evolutionary success of AMF in the absence of sex(1), but this hypothesis has been contradicted by recent genome analyses that failed to find significant genetic diversity within an AMF isolate(2,3). Here, we set out to resolve issues surrounding the genome organization and sexual potential of AMF by exploring the genomes of five isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis, a model AMF. We find that genetic diversity in this species varies among isolates and is structured in a homo-dikaryon-like manner usually linked with the existence of a sexual life cycle. We also identify a putative AMF mating-type locus, containing two genes with structural and evolutionary similarities with the mating-type locus of some Dikarya. Our analyses suggest that this locus may be multi-allelic and that AMF could be heterothallic and bipolar. These findings reconcile opposing views on the genome organization of these ubiquitous plant symbionts and open avenues for strain improvement and environmental application of these organisms.
FASTERIS S A Ch du Pont du Centenaire 109 PO Box 28 CH 1228 Plan les Ouates Switzerland
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research D 06466 Gatersleben Germany
LMU Munich Faculty of Biology Genetics D 82152 Planegg Martinsried Germany
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