Bacillus subtilis alters the proportion of major membrane phospholipids in response to surfactin exposure
Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
27620333
DOI
10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.006
PII: S0005-2736(16)30295-4
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Bacillus subtilis, membrane, phospholipids, surfactin,
- MeSH
- Bacillus subtilis chemistry drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Peptides, Cyclic pharmacology MeSH
- Membrane Fluidity drug effects MeSH
- Phospholipids analysis MeSH
- Lipopeptides pharmacology MeSH
- Fatty Acids analysis MeSH
- Membrane Lipids analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Peptides, Cyclic MeSH
- Phospholipids MeSH
- Lipopeptides MeSH
- Fatty Acids MeSH
- Membrane Lipids MeSH
- surfactin peptide MeSH Browser
Surfactin, an anionic lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, is an antimicrobial that targets the cytoplasmic membrane. Nowadays it appears increasingly apparent that the mechanism of resistance against these types of antibiotics consists of target site modification. This prompted us to investigate whether the surfactin non-producing strain B. subtilis 168 changes its membrane composition in response to a sublethal surfactin concentration. Here we show that the exposure of B. subtilis to surfactin at concentrations of 350 and 650 μg/ml (designated as SF350 and SF650, respectively) leads to a concentration-dependent growth arrest followed by regrowth with an altered growth rate. Analysis of the membrane lipid composition revealed modifications both in the polar head group and the fatty acid region. The presence of either surfactin concentration resulted in a reduction in the content of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and increase in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which was accompanied by elevated levels of phosphatidic acid (PA) in SF350 cultures. The fatty acid analysis of SF350 cells showed a marked increase in non-branched high-melting fatty acids, which lowered the fluidity of the membrane interior measured as the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of DPH. The liposome leakage of carboxyfluorescein-loaded vesicles resembling the phospholipid composition of surfactin-adapted cells showed that the susceptibility to surfactin-induced leakage is strongly reduced when the PG/PE ratio decreases and/or PA is included in the target bilayer. We concluded that the modifications of the phospholipid content of B. subtilis cells might provide a self-tolerance of the membrane active surfactin.
References provided by Crossref.org
