Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AF are poorly understood, although electrophysiological remodeling has been described as an important initiating step. There is growing evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of AF. Many known triggers of oxidative stress, such as age, diabetes, smoking, and inflammation, are linked with an increased risk of arrhythmia. Numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials reported the importance of antioxidant therapy in the prevention of AF, using vitamins C and E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, statins, or nitric oxide donors. The aim of our work is to give a current overview and analysis of opportunities, challenges, and benefits of antioxidant therapy in AF.

2nd Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia

2nd Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Clinic of Neurology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital in Martin Martin Slovak Republic

Department of Cardiology National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Chemical Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Czech Republic

Department of Endocrinology Bogomolets National Medical University Kyiv Ukraine

Department of Functional Sciences Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara Romania

Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Department of Medical Biology Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava Martin Slovak Republic Slovakia

Department of Thoracic Surgery Medical University of Silesia Zabrze Poland

Faculty of Medicine University of Oviedo Central University of Asturias Oviedo Spain

Hypertension in Africa Research Team North West University Potchefstroom Campus Potchefstroom South Africa

Institute of Biology Genetics and Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine Comenius University and University Hospital Bratislava Slovak Republic Slovakia

Institute of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljublana Ljublana Slovenia

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