Viable microbial cells are important biocatalysts in the production of fine chemicals and biofuels, in environmental applications and also in emerging applications such as biosensors or medicine. Their increasing significance is driven mainly by the intensive development of high performance recombinant strains supplying multienzyme cascade reaction pathways, and by advances in preservation of the native state and stability of whole-cell biocatalysts throughout their application. In many cases, the stability and performance of whole-cell biocatalysts can be highly improved by controlled immobilization techniques. This review summarizes the current progress in the development of immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts, the immobilization methods as well as in the bioreaction engineering aspects and economical aspects of their biocatalytic applications.

Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar

Department of Glycobiotechnology Institute of Chemistry Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia

Institute for Microbiology Faculty of Science Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany

Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak Technical University Bratislava Slovakia

Institute of Scientific Instruments Academy of Sciences Czech Republic Brno Czech Republic

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