Nanostructured TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) of diameters from 15 to 100nm were fabricated by an electrochemical anodization process. Biofilm-positive strains of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaved similarly on all TiO2 NTs as well as on native titanium (Ti) foil. The adhesion and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSc), embryonic stem cells (ESc), and pure cardiomyocytes derived from ESc exhibited significant differences. MSc as well as ESc were, in contrast to cardiomyocytes, able to adhere, and grow on TiO2 NTs. A correlation between NTs diameter and cell behaviour was however observed in the case of MSc and ESc. MSc were not in a physiological state in the case of 100nm TiO2 NTs, while ESc were not able to grow on 15nm TiO2 NTs. It can be stated that these differences can be assigned to different diameters of the NTs but not to the chemistry of the surface. This is the first study describing the comprehensive behaviour of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells on TiO2 NTs. On the basis of obtained results, it can be concluded that new generation of medical devices providing selective cell behaviour can be fabricated by optimizing the nanoscale morphology of TiO2.

Centre of Polymer Systems Tomas Bata University in Zlin T G M Sq 5555 760 01 Zlin Czech Republic

Centre of Polymer Systems Tomas Bata University in Zlin T G M Sq 5555 760 01 Zlin Czech Republic; Polymer Centre Faculty of Technology Tomas Bata University in Zlin 762 72 Zlin Czech Republic

Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

Laboratory of Biophysics Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Ljubljana Ljubljana SI 1000 Slovenia

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Insight into antibacterial effect of titanium nanotubular surfaces with focus on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa