While desired for the cure of allergy, regulatory immune cell subsets and nonclassical Th2-biased inflammatory mediators in the tumour microenvironment can contribute to immune suppression and escape of tumours from immunological detection and clearance. A key aim in the cancer field is therefore to design interventions that can break immunological tolerance and halt cancer progression, whereas on the contrary allergen immunotherapy exactly aims to induce tolerance. In this position paper, we review insights on immune tolerance derived from allergy and from cancer inflammation, focusing on what is known about the roles of key immune cells and mediators. We propose that research in the field of AllergoOncology that aims to delineate these immunological mechanisms with juxtaposed clinical consequences in allergy and cancer may point to novel avenues for therapeutic interventions that stand to benefit both disciplines.

Breast Cancer Now Unit School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London Guy's Cancer Centre London UK

Centre of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Biomedical Sciences Nazarbayev University School of Medicine Astana Kazakhstan

Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Research Department Medicine Research Childrens' University Hospital Boston Boston MA USA

Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA

Faculty of Medicine Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit The Institute for Drug Research School of Pharmacy The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel

Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Science Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands

INSERM CHU Lille European Genomic Institute of Diabetes Institut Pasteur de Lille U1011 Recepteurs Nucleaires Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Diabete Universite de Lille Lille France

Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre University of California Los Angeles CA USA

Molecular Immunology Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos Switzerland

Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics King's College London London UK

School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College London Guy's Hospital London UK

St John's Institute of Dermatology School of Basic and Medical Biosciences King's College London Guy's Hospital London UK

The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna University Vienna Vienna Austria

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