Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder of variable etiology, ranging from rotator cuff pathology to peripheral nerve entrapment. Advances in ultrasound (US) technology have allowed static and dynamic evaluation of shoulder problems and most importantly, offer real-time, radiation-free guidance for interventions. The present review aims to describe shoulder anatomy in detail using information from cadaveric models and to illustrate US-guided techniques using clearly labeled figures and videos. The review will also present evidence of specific US-guided therapies for shoulder pain by summarizing landmark studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The following shoulder structures will be covered: 1) the biceps long head tendon, 2) the acromioclavicular joint, 3) the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, 4) the glenohumeral joint, 5) the suprascapular nerve, and 6) the axillary nerve.

Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

Department of Anesthesiology National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Hacettepe University Medical School Ankara Turkey

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Bei Hu Branch Taipei Taiwan

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Anatomy Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine Prague Czech Republic

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