Transcription factors (TFs) fine-tune the host defense transcriptome in response to pathogen invasions. No information is available on Zingiber zerumbet (Zz) TFs involved in defense response against Pythium myriotylum. Here, we provide a global identification, characterization, and temporal expression profiling of Zz TFs following an incompatible interaction with P. myriotylum using a transcriptome sequencing approach. We identified a total of 903 TFs belonging to 96 families based on their conserved domains. Evolutionary analysis clustered the Zz TFs according to their phylogenetic affinity, providing glimpses of their functional diversities. High throughput expression array analysis highlighted a complex interplay between activating and repressing transcription factors in fine-tuning Zz defense response against P. myriotylum. The high differential modulation of TFs involved in cell wall fortification, lignin biosynthesis, and SA/JA hormone crosstalk allows us to envisage that this mechanism plays a central role in restricting P. myriotylum proliferation in Zz. This study lays a solid foundation and provides valuable resources for the investigation of the evolutionary history and biological functions of Zz TF genes involved in defense response.

Department of Biotechnology Kerala Agricultural University Vellayani Thiruvananthapuram 695522 India

Department of Botany Sacred Heart College Thevara Ernakulam 682013 India

Department of Genome Structural Biology Temasek Life Science Laboratory 1 Research Link National University of Singapore Singapore 117604 Singapore

Department of Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Branišovská 1160 31 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic

Plant Disease Biology and Biotechnology Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thycaud P O Thiruvananthapuram 695014 India

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