As dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to encounter antigens, these cells trigger both innate and T cell responses, and are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Brucella spp., which is an intracellular facultative and stealthy pathogen, is able to evade the bactericidal activities of professional phagocytes. Several studies have demonstrated that Brucella can survive and replicate intracellularly, thereby provoking impaired maturation of DCs. Therefore, the interaction between DCs and Brucella becomes an interesting model to study the immune response. In this review, we first will describe the most common techniques for DCs differentiation in vitro as well as general features of brucellosis. Then, the interaction of DCs and Brucella, including pathogen recognition, molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis, and intracellular trafficking of Brucella to subvert innate response, will be reviewed. Finally, we will debate diversity in immunological DC response and the controversial role of DC activation against Brucella infection.

Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases Center for One Health Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 0442 USA

Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional CINVESTAV IPN Av IPN No 2508 Zacatenco C P 07330 Mexico city Mexico

Departamento de Innovación Biomédica Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918 Zona Playitas 22860 Ensenada Baja California Mexico

Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Coyoacán 04510 Mexico city Mexico

Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S N Santo Tomás 11340 Mexico city Mexico

Departamento de Microbiología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Avenida Francisco 1 Madero y Dr Aguirre Pequeño S N Mitras Centro 64460 Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico

Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 0442 USA

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