• This record comes from PubMed

Synthesis and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of substituted ( o,o-difluorophenyl)-linked-pyrimidines as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

. 2019 Jan-Dec ; 27 () : 2040206619826265.

Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print

Document type Journal Article

With the worldwide number of human immunodeficiency virus positive patients stagnant and the increasing emergence of viral strains resistant to current treatment, the development of novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug candidates is a perpetual quest of medicinal chemists. Herein, we report a novel group of diarylpyrimidines, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which represents an important class of current anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapy. Series of diarylpyrimidines containing o, o-difluorophenyl (A-arm), 4-cyanophenylamino (B-arm), and a small substituent (e.g. NH2, OMe) at positions 2, 4, and 6 of the pyrimidine ring were prepared. The A-arm was modified in the para position (F or OMe) and linked to the central pyrimidine core with a variable spacer (CO, O, NH). Antiviral activities of 20 compounds were measured against wild type human immunodeficiency virus-1 and mutant reverse transcriptase strains (K103N, Y181C) using a cytoprotection assay. To the most promising structural motives belong the o, o-difluoro- p-methoxy A-arm in position 4, and the amino group in position 6 of pyrimidine. Single digit nanomolar activities with no significant toxicity (CC50 > 17,000 nM) were found for compounds 35 (EC50 = 2 nM), 37 (EC50 = 3 nM), and 13 (EC50 = 4 nM) having O, NH, and CO linkers, respectively.

See more in PubMed

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. www.who.int (accessed 4 September 2018).

Poorolajal J, Hooshmand E, Mahjub H, et al. Survival rate of AIDS disease and mortality in HIV-infected patients: a meta-analysis. Public Health 2016; 139: 3–12. PubMed

De Clercq E. Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Past Present and Future Chem Biodivers 2004; 1: 44–64. PubMed

Madruga JV, Cahn P, Grinsztejn B, et al. Efficacy and safety of TMC125 (etravirine) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in DUET-1: 24-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 29–38. PubMed

Lazzarin A, Campbell T, Clotet B, et al. Efficacy and safety of TMC125 (etravirine) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in DUET-2: 24-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 39–48. PubMed

Geretti AM. Shifting paradigms: the resistance profile of etravirine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62: 643–647. PubMed

Janssen PA, Lewi PJ, Arnold E, et al. In search of a novel anti-HIV drug: multidisciplinary coordination in the discovery of 4-[[4-[[4-[(1 E)-2-cyanoethenyl]-2, 6-dimethylphenyl] amino]-2-pyrimidinyl] amino] benzonitrile (R278474, rilpivirine). J Med Chem 2005; 48: 1901–1909. PubMed

Baert L, van G, Klooster T, et al. Development of a long-acting injectable formulation with nanoparticles of rilpivirine (TMC278) for HIV treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72: 502–508. PubMed

de Béthune M-P. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), their discovery, development, and use in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: a review of the last 20 years (1989–2009). Antiviral Res 2010; 85: 75–90. PubMed

Reynolds C, de Koning CB, Pelly SC, et al. In search of a treatment for HIV–current therapies and the role of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41: 4657–4670. PubMed

De Clercq E. The role of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in the therapy of HIV-1 infection. Antiviral Res 1998; 38: 153–179. PubMed

Zhan P, Chen X, Li D.et al. HIV‐1 NNRTIs: structural diversity, pharmacophore similarity, and impliations for drug design. Med Res Rev 2013; 33: E1–72. PubMed

Lansdon EB, Brendza KM, Hung M, et al. Crystal structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with etravirine (TMC125) and rilpivirine (TMC278): implications for drug design. J Med Chem 2010; 53: 4295–4299. PubMed

Li D, Zhan P, De Clercq E, et al. Strategies for the design of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: lessons from the development of seven representative paradigms. J Med Chem 2012; 55: 3595–3613. PubMed

Zhan P, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, et al. Anti-HIV drug discovery and development: current innovations and future trends: miniperspective. J Med Chem 2015; 59: 2849–2878. PubMed

Chen FE, Zeng Z-S, Liang Y-H. Feng, Patent CN 101723903, P.R.C. Fudan University, China, 2010.

Ma XD, Yang SQ, Gu SX, et al. Synthesis and anti‐HIV activity of Aryl‐2‐[(4‐cyanophenyl) amino]‐4‐pyrimidinone hydrazones as potent non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6: 2225–2232. PubMed

Feng X-Q, Zeng Z-S, Liang Y-H, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-(hydroxyimino) arylmethyl diarylpyrimidine analogues as potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18: 2370–2374. PubMed

Liu Y, Meng G, Zheng A, et al. Design and synthesis of a new series of cyclopropylamino-linking diarylpyrimidines as HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62: 334–341. PubMed

Meng G, Liu Y, Zheng A, et al. Design and synthesis of a new series of modified CH-diarylpyrimidines as drug-resistant HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82: 600–611. PubMed

Yan Z-H, Wu H-Q, Chen W-X, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of CHX-DAPYs as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22: 3220–3226. PubMed

Zeng ZS, Liang YH, Feng XQ, et al. Lead optimization of diarylpyrimidines as non‐nucleoside inhibitors of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. ChemMedChem 2010; 5: 837–840. PubMed

Gu S-X, He Q-Q, Yang S-Q, et al. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of novel diarylpyrimidines with hydromethyl linker (CH (OH)-DAPYs) as HIV-1 NNRTIs. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19: 5117–5124. PubMed

Yan Z-H, Huang X-Y, Wu H-Q, et al. Structural modifications of CH (OH)-DAPYs as new HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22: 2535–2541. PubMed

Gu S-X, Qiao H, Zhu Y-Y, et al. A novel family of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs) featuring a diatomic linker: design, synthesis and anti-HIV activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23: 6587–6593. PubMed

Šimon P, Baszczyňski O, Šaman D, et al. Novel (2,6-difluorophenyl)(2-(phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)methanones with restricted conformation as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV-1. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122: 185–195. PubMed

Mordant C, Schmitt B, Pasquier E, et al. Synthesis of novel diarylpyrimidine analogues of TMC278 and their antiviral activity against HIV-1 wild-type and mutant strains. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 42: 567–579. PubMed

Rotili D, Tarantino D, Artico M, et al. Diarylpyrimidine−dihydrobenzyloxopyrimidine hybrids: new, wide-spectrum anti-HIV-1 agents active at (sub)-nanomolar level. J Med Chem 2011; 54: 3091–3096. PubMed

Ludovici DW, De Corte BL, Kukla MJ, et al. Evolution of anti-HIV drug candidates. Part 3: diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11: 2235–2239. PubMed

Bedford ST, Benwell KR, Brooks T, et al. of potent and selective functional antagonists of the human adenosine A 2B receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19: 5945–5949. PubMed

Miyashita A, Matsuda H, Iijima C, et al. Catalytic action of azolium salts. ii. aroylation of 4-chloroquinazolines with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by 1, 3-dimethylbenzimidazolium iodide. Chem Pharm Bull 1992; 40: 43–48.

Procházková E, Čechová L, Tarábek J, et al. Tunable push–pull interactions in 5-nitrosopyrimidines. J Org Chem 2016; 81: 3780–3789. PubMed

Surry DS, Buchwald SL. Dialkylbiaryl phosphines in Pd-catalyzed amination: a user’s guide. Chem Sci 2011; 2: 27–50. PubMed PMC

Cantrell AS, Engelhardt P, Högberg M, et al. Phenethylthiazolylthiourea (PETT) compounds as a new class of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 2. Synthesis and further structure−activity relationship studies of PETT analogs. J Med Chem 1996; 39: 4261–4274. PubMed

Chen X, Liu X, Meng Q, et al. Novel piperidinylamino-diarylpyrimidine derivatives with dual structural conformations as potent HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23: 6593–6597. PubMed

Joshi S, Maikap GC, Titirmare S, et al. An improved synthesis of etravirine. Org Process Res Dev 2010; 14: 657–660.

Thrippleton MJ, Keeler J. Elimination of zero‐quantum interference in two‐dimensional NMR spectra. Angew Chem 2003; 115: 4068–4071. PubMed

Pauwels R, De Clercq E, Desmyter J.et al. Sensitive and rapid assay on MT-4 cells for detection of antiviral compounds against the AIDS virus. J Virol Methods 1987; 16: 171–185. PubMed

Andries K, Azijn H, Thielemans T.et al. TMC125, a novel next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 4680–4686. PubMed PMC

Janssen PA, Lewi PJ, Arnold E.et al. In search of a novel anti-HIV drug: multidisciplinary coordination in the discovery of 4-[[4-[[4-[(1 E)-2-cyanoethenyl]-2, 6-dimethylphenyl] amino]-2-pyrimidinyl] amino] benzonitrile (R278474, rilpivirine). J Med Chem 2005; 48: 1901–1909. PubMed

Kertesz DJ, Brotherton-Pleiss C, Yang M, et al. Discovery of piperidin-4-yl-aminopyrimidines as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. N-benzyl derivatives with broad potency against resistant mutant viruses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20: 4215–4218. PubMed

Find record

Citation metrics

Loading data ...

Archiving options

Loading data ...