Retinal oximetry: Metabolic imaging for diseases of the retina and brain
Language English Country Great Britain, England Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
PubMed
30999027
DOI
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.04.001
PII: S1350-9462(18)30080-6
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, Biomarker, Brain, Cardiac output, Central circulation, Classification, Diabetic retinopathy, Eye, Glaucoma, Heart, Multiple sclerosis, Oxygen, Progression of glaucoma, Retina, Retinal atrophy, Retinal dystrophy, Retinal oximetry, Retinal vein occlusion, retinal ischemia, Retinitis pigmentosa,
- MeSH
- Oxygen blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebrovascular Circulation physiology MeSH
- Brain Diseases diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Retinal Diseases diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Oximetry * MeSH
- Retinal Vessels physiopathology MeSH
- Visual Acuity MeSH
- Visual Fields MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Oxygen MeSH
Retinal oximetry imaging of retinal blood vessels measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The imaging technology is non-invasive and reproducible with remarkably low variability on test-retest studies and in healthy cohorts. Pathophysiological principles and novel biomarkers in several retinal diseases have been discovered, as well as possible applications for systemic and brain disease. In diabetic retinopathy, retinal venous oxygen saturation is elevated and arteriovenous difference progressively reduced in advanced stages of retinopathy compared with healthy persons. This correlates with pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy where hypoxia stimulates VEGF production. Laser treatment and vitrectomy both improve retinal oximetry values, which correlate with clinical outcome. The oximetry biomarker may allow automatic measurement of severity of diabetic retinopathy and predict its response to treatment. Central retinal vein occlusion is characterized by retinal hypoxia, which is evident in retinal oximetry. The retinal hypoxia seen on oximetry correlates with the extent of peripheral ischemia, visual acuity and thickness of macular edema. This biomarker may help diagnose and measure severity of vein occlusion and degree of retinal ischemia. Glaucomatous retinal atrophy is associated with reduced oxygen consumption resulting in reduced arteriovenous difference and higher retinal venous saturation. The oximetry findings correlate with worse visual field, thinner nerve fiber layer and smaller optic disc rim. This provides an objective biomarker for glaucomatous damage. In retinitis pigmentosa, an association exists between advanced atrophy, worse visual field and higher retinal venous oxygen saturation, lower arteriovenous difference. This biomarker may allow measurement of severity and progression of retinitis pigmentosa and other atrophic retinal diseases. Retinal oximetry offers visible light imaging of systemic and central nervous system vessels. It senses hypoxia in cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Oximetry biomarkers have been discovered in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis and oxygen levels in the retina correspond well with brain.
Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
Department of Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Vienna Austria
Leiden University Leiden the Netherlands
Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark; University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
Universitätsklinikum Jena Germany
University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland; Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland; Oxymap ehf Reykjavik Iceland
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