Palm Oil and Beta-palmitate in Infant Formula: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition
Language English Country United States Media print
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
PubMed
31022096
DOI
10.1097/mpg.0000000000002307
PII: 00005176-201905000-00028
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- MeSH
- Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Gastroenterology organization & administration MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Palmitic Acid blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human chemistry MeSH
- Infant Formula chemistry MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Nutritional Status MeSH
- Palmitates administration & dosage MeSH
- Palm Oil administration & dosage MeSH
- Pediatrics organization & administration MeSH
- Dietary Supplements MeSH
- Societies, Medical MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Systematic Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Palmitic Acid MeSH
- Palmitates MeSH
- Palm Oil MeSH
BACKGROUND: Palm oil (PO) is used in infant formulas in order to achieve palmitic acid (PA) levels similar to those in human milk. PA in PO is esterified predominantly at the SN-1,3 position of triacylglycerol (TAG), and infant formulas are now available in which a greater proportion of PA is in the SN-2 position (typical configuration in human milk). As there are some concerns about the use of PO, we aimed to review literature on health effects of PO and SN-2-palmitate in infant formulas. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for relevant studies on possible beneficial effects or harms of either PO or SN-2-palmitate in infant formula on various health outcomes. RESULTS: We identified 12 relevant studies using PO and 21 studies using SN-2-palmitate. Published studies have variable methodology, subject characteristics, and some are underpowered for the key outcomes. PO is associated with harder stools and SN-2-palmitate use may lead to softer stool consistency. Bone effects seem to be short-lasting. For some outcomes (infant colic, faecal microbiota, lipid metabolism), the number of studies is very limited and summary evidence inconclusive. Growth of infants is not influenced. There are no studies published on the effect on markers of later diseases. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to suggest that PO should be avoided as a source of fat in infant formulas for health reasons. Inclusion of high SN-2-palmitate fat blend in infant formulas may have short-term effects on stool consistency but cannot be considered essential.
Childhood Nutrition Research Centre UCL GOS Institute of Child Health London UK
Children's Hospital Zagreb University of Zagreb School of Medicine Zagreb Croatia
CNRC Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
Department of Clinical Sciences Pediatrics Umeå University Umeå Sweden
Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen
Department of Paediatrics University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic
Department of Paediatrics University of Granada Spain
Leeds teaching hospitals NHS trust Leeds UK
Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII University of Bari Bari Italy
Paris Descartes University APHP Necker Enfants Malades hospital Paris France
Pediatric Nutrition Unit Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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