BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Optimal vitamin D levels are required for bone health and proper functionality of the nervous, musculoskeletal and immune systems. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety profiles of new weekly calcifediol formulations with the potential to improve adherence and outcome. METHODS: A Phase II-III, double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial (EudraCT 2020-001099-14 and NCT04735926). Subjects were randomized 2:2:1 to calcifediol 75 μg, 100 μg and placebo. 25(OH)D levels were measured at 4, 16, 24, 32 and 52 weeks. The main outcome was the percentage of subjects who achieved a response defined as 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL and/or ≥30 ng/mL at week 16. RESULTS: 398 subjects (51.1 ± 15.96 years, 74.2% females, 98.7% Caucasian) with plasma 25(OH)D levels between 10 and 20 ng/mL were randomized. A total of 376 subjects completed 16 weeks of treatment, and 355 subjects completed the study. Six patients withdrew due to an adverse event, all unrelated to treatment. At week 16, 93.6% and 74.4% of subjects receiving calcifediol 75 μg achieved response levels of ≥20 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL, respectively. The calcifediol 100 μg group showed 98.7% and 89.9% of responders for ≥20 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL, respectively. Both calcifediol groups showed superiority over placebo at each response level at all time points analyzed (p < 0.0001). Calcifediol treatments increased 25(OH)D levels from baseline to week 24 and remained stable thereafter. The frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events was balanced between groups. CONCLUSIONS: New weekly calcifediol 75 and 100 μg formulations showed an effective and sustained response with a good long-term safety profile.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- kalcifediol * krev aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D * farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vitamin D krev analogy a deriváty aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of xylanase and flaxseed the performance of chickens, digesta viscosity, nutrient retention, fatty acid profile in muscle, tibia strength and interrelations of these factors in broiler chickens fed a wheat-based diet. Seven hundred and twenty one-day-old Ross 308 cockerels were assigned to four treatments according to the contents of flaxseed (0 and 80 g/kg) and xylanase (0 and 0.1 g/kg) in the diet. Xylanase significantly decreased the intake of feed (p < 0.001), decreased feed conversion (p < 0.001), and reduced mortality (p = 0.050). In addition, xylanase significantly increased the retention of all nutrients (p = 0.010 -<0.001) except crude fibre, the fat content in breast meat (p = 0.029) and liver (p = 0.019) and the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in meat (p = 0.002). Flaxseed supplementation did not influence performance but decreased the retention of dry matter (p = 0.016), crude protein (p = 0.012), organic matter (p = 0.016) and nitrogen-free extract (p = 0.008). Xylanase in combination with flaxseed increased the content of n-3 fatty acids in the breast meat (p = 0.006). The lowest n-6/n-3 ratio (p = 0.001) was detected in the flaxseed and flaxseed combined with xylanase groups. Significant interaction effects of flaxseed and xylanase on tibia strength (p = 0.030) and tibia ash content (p = 0.009) were detected. The administration of xylanase or flaxseed alone increased tibia strength. Compared with the control diet, the addition of flaxseed to the diet increased the digesta viscosity (p = 0.043) in the ileum, whereas the addition of xylanase decreased the level of this indicator. It can be concluded that xylanase is an enzyme suitable for increasing nutrient availability, and in the case of its addition to a flaxseed diet, it can reduce the antinutritional effect of flaxseed by reducing the viscosity of the digesta and increasing the content of health-promoting n-3 PUFAs.
- MeSH
- endo-1,4-beta-xylanasy * metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
- kostní denzita účinky léků MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata * analýza MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- len * chemie MeSH
- polysacharidy * farmakologie MeSH
- potravní doplňky * analýza MeSH
- tibie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study evaluated the effects of dietary methionine level and rearing water temperature on growth, antioxidant capacity, methionine metabolism, and hepatocyte autophagy in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). A factorial design was used with six methionine levels [0.64, 0.85, 1.11, 1.33, 1.58, and 1.76%] and two temperatures [moderate temperature (MT): 27 °C, and high temperature (HT): 33 °C]. The results revealed the significant effects of both dietary methionine level and water temperature on weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE), and their interaction effect was found on WG (P < 0.05). In both water temperatures tested, fish WG increased with increasing methionine level up to 1.11% and decreased thereafter. The groups of fish reared at MT exhibited dramatically higher WG and FE than those kept at HT while an opposite trend was observed for feed intake. Liver antioxidant indices including reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities remarkably increased in the HT group compared to the MT group. Moreover, the lowest MDA concentration and the highest SOD activity were recorded at methionine levels between 1.11% and 0.85%, respectively, regardless of water temperatures. Expression of methionine metabolism-related key enzyme genes (mat2b, cbs, ms, and bhmt) in the liver was increased at moderate methionine levels, and higher expression levels were detected at MT compared to HT with the exception of ms gene relative expression. Relative expression of hepatocyte autophagy-related genes (pink1, atg5, mul1, foxo3) and hsp70 was upregulated by increasing methionine level up to a certain level and decreased thereafter and increasing water temperature led to significantly enhanced expression of hsp70. In summary, HT induced heat stress and reduced fish growth, and an appropriate dietary methionine level improved the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of fish. A second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the WG suggested that the optimal dietary methionine level for maximum growth of spotted seabass is 1.22% of the diet at 27 °C and 1.26% of the diet at 33 °C, then 1.37 g and 1.68 g dietary methionine intake is required for 100 g weight gain at 27 °C or 33 °C, respectively.
BACKGROUND: An inverse relationship between vitamin D supplementation and C-reactive protein (CRP) and hypertension has been reported, mostly through observational data. This inverse relationship, however, has not been confirmed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis of RCTs is needed to provide more robust evidence. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review of RCTs was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) were systemically searched to identify relevant RCTs published in international scientific journals up to January 2023. Changes from baseline and SDs of CRP, SBP, and DBP were compared between postmenopausal women who received vitamin D supplementation and those who did not (controls). These parameters were applied to compute the overall effect sizes using the random-effects model. Data were summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity among arms was scrutinized using the Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was judged by means of funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: Seven studies with 6 arms on CRP, 6 arms on SBP, and 6 arms on DBP were included in the meta-analysis. Combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRP (MD = -0.65 mg/L; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.37 mg/L; P < .001). In addition, CRP concentrations were significantly reduced after vitamin D supplementation in studies with a duration of more than 3 months (MD = -0.91 mg/L; 95% CI -1.37 to -0.45 mg/L; P < .001) and studies involving doses of ≤1,000 IU/d (MD = -2.10 mg/L; 95% CI -2.51 to -1.68 mg/L; P < .001). Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce SBP significantly (MD = -1.06 mm Hg; 95% CI -2.43 to 0.30 mm Hg; P = .127) and DBP (MD = 0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI -0.86 to 0.86 mm Hg; P = .994) levels compared with control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis concluded that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced CRP concentrations among postmenopausal women.
BACKGROUND: Bovine colostrum (COL) is assumed to be one of the strongest natural immune stimulants. Regular ingestion of COL may contribute to improved immune response in athletes exposed to high training loads. METHODS: Twenty-eight endurance-trained males aged 31.1 ± 10.2 years (body mass 81.9 ± 9.0 kg; height 1.82 ± 0.06 m) completed this randomized double-blind placebo(PLA)-controlled crossover study aimed at investigating the effect of 12-week COL supplementation (25gCOL·day-1) on resting (REST), exercise-induced (POST-EX), and short-term post-exercise recovery (REC; 1 h after test exercise) changes in selected saliva and blood immunoglobulins (Ig), white blood cell (WBC) count and differential; as well as blood hematological, nutritional status and muscle damage indices. The protocol assumed 4 study visits - before/after supplementation with COL (COLPRE and COLPOST ) and PLA (PLAPRE and PLAPOST ). During testing sessions, incremental rowing test to exhaustion and swimming-specific performance test were introduced as exercise stimuli. RESULTS: At COLPOST visit the secretory IgA (SIgA) concentration in saliva was significantly higher at POST-EX and REC compared to REST (p<0.05). COL supplementation had no effect on blood IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG, and IgM concentrations. Furthermore, after COL supplementation decrease of hematocrit at REC (p<0.05) was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: 12-week supplementation with 25 gCOL·day-1 in endurance-trained male athletes resulted in a favorable increase in post-exercise concentration of salivary SIgA. COL seems to be a potential stimulator of local immune defense after exercise-induced homeostasis disturbances. Nevertheless, the lack of effect on blood markers indicates the need for further research in the area of mechanisms underlying the effect of the supposed COL immunological capacity.
- MeSH
- biologické markery * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobuliny krev MeSH
- klinické křížové studie * MeSH
- kolostrum * imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- sliny * imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- sportovci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
ChatGPT is a chatbot that is based on the generative pretrained transformer architecture as an artificial inteligence-based large language model. Its widespread use in healthcare practice, research, and education seems to be (increasingly) inevitable. Also considering the relevant limitations regarding privacy, ethics, bias, legal, and validity, in this article, its use as a supplement (for sure not as a substitute for physicians) is discussed in light of the recent literature. Particularly, the "opinion" of ChatGPT about how it can help/harm physiatry is exemplified.
- MeSH
- fyziatrie * MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that exerts immunomodulatory actions, controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and significantly affects human health. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, affecting approximately 60% of adults worldwide, and has been implicated in a range of different types of diseases, e.g., cancer. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, energetic metabolism, and different types of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, etc.). In physiological conditions, it is also able to modulate immune responses, angiogenesis, etc., which belongs to fundamental cancer-related processes. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of some types of cancer, e.g., colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, etc. The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and cancer treatment is still under investigation and depends on the type of cancer. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in all three above-mentioned aspects and discusses the mechanism of action and potential possibilities in cancer treatment.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * prevence a kontrola farmakoterapie MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D komplikace MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- vitamin D * terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Health effects of vegan diets among children and adolescents are a controversial public health topic. Thus, the aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate a broad range of health outcomes among vegan children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (17 cross-sectional, 1 RCT). Meta-analyses showed lower protein, calcium, vitamin B2, saturated fatty acid, and cholesterol intakes, and lower ferritin, HDL and LDL levels as well as height in vegan compared to omnivorous children/adolescents. Higher intakes of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, folate, vitamins C and E, magnesium, iron, and potassium were observed in vegans. Blood levels of vitamin B12 were higher among vegan children due to supplement use. Single study results suggested further differences between vegan and non-vegan children, such as lower bone mineral content or urinary iodine among vegan children. Risk of Bias was rated as high or very high in 7 out of 18 studies. The certainty of evidence for the meta-analyses was low (n = 2) or very low (n = 46). Overall, the available evidence points to both risks and benefits associated with a vegan diet among children, although more and better designed studies are needed.
- MeSH
- dieta veganská * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Prepregnancy optimization of cardiovascular function may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effect of preconception cardiovascular monitoring, exercise, and beetroot juice on cardiovascular parameters in women planning to conceive. DESIGN AND METHOD: Prospective single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two women, aged 18-45 years, were allocated into one of four arms (1 : 1 : 1 : 1): exercise, beetroot juice, exercise plus beetroot juice and no intervention for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at home daily. Cardiac output ( CO ) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were assessed via bio-impedance. RESULTS: Twenty-nine out of 32 (91%) participants completed the study. Adherence to daily BP and weight measurements were 81% and 78%, respectively ( n = 29). Eight out of 15 (53%) of participants did not drink all the provided beetroot juice because of forgetfulness and taste. After 12 weeks, exercise was associated with a reduction in standing TPR (-278 ± 0.272 dynes s cm -5 , P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.88 ± 0.71 l/min, P < 0.05). Exercise and beetroot juice together was associated with a reduction in standing DBP ( 7 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.49 ± 0.66 l/min, P < 0.05). The control group showed a reduction in standing TPR ( 313 ± 387 dynes s cm -5 ) and standing DBP ( 8 ± 5mmHg). All groups gained weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise and beetroot juice in combination showed a signal towards improving cardiovascular parameters. The control group showed improvements, indicating that home measurement devices and regular recording of parameters are interventions in themselves. Nevertheless, interventions before pregnancy to improve cardiovascular parameters may alter the occurrence of hypertensive conditions during pregnancy and require further investigation in adequately powered studies.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dusičnany * MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hypertenze * MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bakteriální lyzáty * farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- BCG vakcína aplikace a dávkování farmakologie imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- glukany aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunologické faktory farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunomodulační látky * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- mikrobiota fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- probiotika farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- slizniční imunita imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
