Senodoniini is a small lineage of click beetles currently comprising 21 species in two genera, distributed in the Himalayas and East and Southeast Asia. The definition and limits of this group have changed considerably during its history. Recent authors treat Senodoniini as a tribe within Dendrometrinae, usually close to Dimini, but this placement has never been rigorously tested. Here, we shed new light on the systematic position and limits of Senodoniini by performing a combined phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear and two mitochondrial molecular markers. Our results recovered Senodoniini not monophyletic, and placed them into the Lissominae complex, where they formed a clade with Austrelater Calder & Lawrence (Protelaterini). Molecular phylogeny is in agreement with the adult morphology. Additionally, we examined the morphology of a monotypic genus Rostricephalus Fleutiaux from Southeast Asia, which was previously classified in various Elateridae groups including Senodoniini, and its position was always uncertain. This genus shares morphological characters with Protelaterini. We provide morphological redescriptions as well as the figures of main diagnostic characters for Senodonia Laporte, Sossor Candèze, and Rostricephalus. Based on our results, we place these genera to Lissominae: Protelaterini, and hence synonymize Senodoniini Schenkling with Protelaterini Schwarz.

Department of Entomology Faculty of Biology Moscow State University Leninskie gory 1 12 119234 Moscow Russia

Department of Entomology National Museum Cirkusová 1740 193 00 Praha 9 Horní Počernice Czech Republic

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Palacky University 17 listopadu 50 771 46 Olomouc Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Costa C., Lawrence J.F., Rosa S.P. Elateridae Leach, 1815. In: Leschen R.A.B., Beutel R.G., Lawrence J.F., editors. Handbook of Zoology, Arthropoda: Insecta; Coleoptera, Beetles; Volume 2: Morphology and Systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia partim) Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG; Berlin, Germany: 2010. pp. 75–103.

Sagegami-Oba R., Oba Y., Ôhira H. Phylogenetic relationships of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) inferred from 28S ribosomal DNA: Insights into the evolution of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007;42:410–421. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.07.017. PubMed DOI

Douglas H. Phylogenetic relationships of Elateridae inferred from adult morphology, with special reference to the position of Cardiophorinae. Zootaxa. 2011;2900:1–45. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1. DOI

Kundrata R., Bocak L. The phylogeny and limits of Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera): Is there a common tendency of click beetles to soft-bodiedness and neoteny? Zool. Scr. 2011;40:364–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00476.x. DOI

Kundrata R., Gunter N.L., Douglas H., Bocak L. Next step toward a molecular phylogeny of click-beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae): Redefinition of Pityobiinae, with a description of a new subfamily, Parablacinae, from the Australasian Region. Austral Entomol. 2016;55:291–302. doi: 10.1111/aen.12185. DOI

Kundrata R., Gunter N.L., Janosikova D., Bocak L. Molecular evidence for the subfamilial status of Tetralobinae (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with comments on parallel evolution of some phenotypic characters. Arthropod Syst. Phyl. 2018;76:137–145.

Schenkling S. Elateridae II. In: Junk W., Schenkling S., editors. Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. XI. Pars 88. W. Junk; Berlin, Germany: 1927. pp. 265–636.

Schimmel R., Platia G. Die Arten des supraspezifischen Taxons Senodoniinae Schenkling, 1927 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Entomol. Basiliensia. 1992;15:229–254.

Schimmel R. Das Monophylum Diminae Candèze, 1863 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elateridae) Pollichia-Buch. 1996;33:1–370.

Kundrata R., Musalkova M., Kubaczkova M. Annotated catalogue of the click-beetle tribe Dimini (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) Zootaxa. 2018;4412:1–75. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4412.1.1. PubMed DOI

Schimmel R. Neue Megapenthini-, Physorhinini-, Diminae- und Senodoniina-Arten aus Südostasien (Insecta: Coleoptera, Elateridae) Mitt. Pollichia. 2006;92:107–130.

Bouchard P., Bousquet Y., Davies A.E., Alonso-Zarazaga M.A., Lawrence J.F., Lyal C.H.C., Newton A.F., Reid C.A.M., Schmitt M., Ślipiński S.A., et al. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta) ZooKeys. 2011;88:1–972. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PubMed DOI PMC

Kundrata R., Musalkova M., Prosvirov A.S. Annotated catalogue of the click-beetle tribe Senodoniini (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) Zootaxa. 2018;4532:273–287. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4532.2.7. PubMed DOI

Fleutiaux E. Les Elateridae de l’Indochine française (6ͤ partie) Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1936;105:279–300.

Fleutiaux E. Révision des Élatérides (Coléoptères) de l’Indo-Chine Française. Notes Entomol. Chinoise. 1947;11:233–420.

Gurjeva Y.L. Thoracic structure of click beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and the significance of the structural characters for the system of the family. Entomol. Obozr. 1974;53:96–113.

Stibick J.N.L. Classification of the Elateridae (Coleoptera). Relationships and classification of the subfamilies and tribes. Pacific Insects. 1979;20:145–186.

Jiang S.H., Chen X.Q., Wu S.J., Meng Z.Y., Li G.J. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Elateridae (Insecta: Coleoptera) based on 28S rDNA gene fragments. Acta Entomol. Sinica. 2009;52:74–83.

Meng Z.Y., Lei C.L., Chen X.Q., Shi T.X., Chen Q.J., Jiang S.H. Phylogenetic analysis of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) based upon 28S rDNA: Phylogeny and classification. Entomotaxonomia. 2018;40:231–252.

Meng Z.Y., Lei C.L., Chen X.Q., Jiang S.H. Phylogenetic analysis of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) based on internal transcribed spacer-2 sequences. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol. 2017;54:767–779.

Calder A.A., Lawrence J.F., Trueman J.W.H. Austrelater, gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), with a description of the larva and comments on elaterid relationships. Invertebr. Taxon. 1993;7:1349–1394. doi: 10.1071/IT9931349. DOI

Katoh K., Misawa K., Kuma K., Miyata T. MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30:3059–3066. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkf436. PubMed DOI PMC

Lanfear R., Calcott B., Ho S.Y.W., Guindon S. PartitionFinder: Combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2012;29:1695–1701. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mss020. PubMed DOI

Stamatakis A. RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2006;22:2688–2690. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446. PubMed DOI

Miller M.A., Pfeiffer W., Schwartz T. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees; Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE); New Orleans, LA, USA. 14 November 2010.

Stamatakis A., Hoover P., Rougemont J. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst. Biol. 2008;57:758–771. doi: 10.1080/10635150802429642. PubMed DOI

Huelsenbeck J.P., Ronquist F. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics. 2001;17:754–755. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754. PubMed DOI

Rambaut A., Drummond A.J. Tracer 1.5.—Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 2007. [(accessed on 15 March 2018)]; Available online: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.

Kundrata R., Kubaczkova M., Prosvirov A.S., Douglas H.B., Fojtikova A., Costa C., Bousquet Y., Alonso-Zarazaga M.A., Bouchard P. World catalogue of the genus-group names in Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera). Part I: Agrypninae, Campyloxeninae, Hemiopinae, Lissominae, Oestodinae, Parablacinae, Physodactylinae, Pityobiinae, Subprotelaterinae, Tetralobinae. ZooKeys. 2019;839:83–154. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.839.33279. PubMed DOI PMC

Lawrence J.F., Arias E.T. Valdivelater, a new genus of Protelaterini (Elateridae: Lissominae) from the forests of Central and Southern Chile. Ann. Zool. 2009;59:319–328. doi: 10.3161/000345409X476422. DOI

Arias-Bohart E.T. Tunon, a new genus of Protelaterini (Elateridae: Lissominae) from southern Chile. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 2013;89:159–167. doi: 10.3956/2012-58.1. DOI

Prosvirov A.S., Savitsky V.Y. On the significance of genital characters in supraspecific systematics of the elaterid subfamily Agrypninae (Coleoptera, Elateridae) Entomol. Rev. 2011;91:755–772. doi: 10.1134/S0013873811060091. DOI

Dolin V.G. Znachenie lichinochnykh priznakov i zhilkovaniya krylev v sistematike Elateroidea (Coleoptera). Doklad na pyat’desyat vtorom ezhegodnom chtenii pamyati N A Kholodkskogo 1 aprelya 1999 g. Zoologicheskii Institut; St. Petersburg, Russia: 2000. pp. 1–49.

Suzuki W. Notes on Rostricephalus vitalisi Fleutiaux (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Taiwan. Coleopt. News. 2003;143:13–15.

Suzuki W. Catalogue of the family Elateridae (Coleoptera) of Taiwan. Misc. Rep. Hiwa Mus. Nat. Hist. 1999;38:1–348.

Suzuki W. Record of Rostricephalus vitalisi (Coleoptera, Elateridae) from Laos. Elytra. 2004;32:292.

Douglas H., Kundrata R., Janosikova D., Bocak L. Molecular and morphological evidence for new genera in the click-beetle subfamily Cardiophorinae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Entomol. Sci. 2018;21:292–305. doi: 10.1111/ens.12306. DOI

Kundrata R., Bocak L. Molecular phylogeny reveals the gradual evolutionary transition to soft-bodiedness in click-beetles and identifies Sub-Saharan Africa as a cradle of diversity for Drilini (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2019 doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz033. DOI

Cate P. Elateridae. In: Löbl I., Smetana A., editors. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 4. Apollo Books; Stenstrup, Denmark: 2007. pp. 89–209.

Dolin V.G. Wing venation in click beetles and its significance for the taxonomy of the family. Zool. Zhurnal. 1975;54:1618–1633.

Lawrence J.F., Muona J., Teräväinen M., Ståhls G., Vahtera V. Anischia, Perothops and the phylogeny of Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia) Insect Syst. Evol. 2007;38:205–239. doi: 10.1163/187631207794761001. DOI

Fleutiaux E. Nouvelles contributions a la faune de l’Indo-Chine française (Coleoptera Serricornia) Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1918;87:175–278.

The Fossil Record of Elateridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea): Described Species, Current Problems and Future Prospects

X-ray micro-computed tomography reveals a unique morphology in a new click-beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae) from the Eocene Baltic amber

Fossil Genera in Elateridae (Insecta, Coleoptera): A Triassic Origin and Jurassic Diversification