Since the advent of monolayered 2D transition metal carbide and nitrides (MXenes) in 2011, the number of different monolayer systems and the study thereof have been on the rise. Mo2 Ti2 C3 is one of the least studied MXenes and new insights to this material are of value to the field. Here, the stability of Mo2 Ti2 C3 under electron irradiation is investigated. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the structural and elemental changes in situ. It is found that Mo2 Ti2 C3 is reasonably stable for the first 2 min of irradiation. However, structural changes occur thereafter, which trigger increasingly rapid and significant rearrangement. This results in the formation of pores and two new nanomaterials, namely, N-doped graphene membranes and Mo nanoribbons. The study provides insight into the stability of Mo2 Ti2 C3 monolayers against electron irradiation, which will allow for reliable future study of the material using TEM. Furthermore, these findings will facilitate further research in the rapidly growing field of electron beam driven chemistry and engineering of nanomaterials.

Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences M Curie Skłodowskiej 34 Zabrze 41 819 Poland

College of Chemistry and Molecular Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A J Drexel Nanomaterials Institute Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute Purdue School of Engineering and Technology Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

Institute of Environmental Technology VSB Technical University of Ostrava 17 Listopadu 15 Ostrava 708 33 Czech Republic

Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China

Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden P O Box 270116 Dresden D 01171 Germany

Polish Center for Technology Development Ul Stabłowicka 147 Wrocław 54 066 Poland

School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations College of Physics Optoelectronics and Energy Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China

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Two-Dimensional Metals Over, Inside, or Beneath Templates

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