Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a novel anticancer treatment strategy. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD1) and programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) have shown efficacy and safety in the treatment of various malignancies. Some of them have recently found their place in a routine clinical practice, while others are at different phases of clinical trials. Treatment with ICIs may be accompanied by undesirable impairment of immunotolerance to non-tumoural tissues, leading to a specific side-effect also called immune-related adverse events (irAE). There is an increasing body of evidence that the development of irAEs is associated with a beneficial effect of immunotherapy, thus it has become a hot topic in the field of clinical oncology. This review is focused on data from recently published studies evaluating the association between irAEs and outcome of patients with cancer treated with ICIs.

Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Oncology and Radiotherapeutics Medical School and University Hospital in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic

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Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis Followed by Severe Encephalopathy Induced by Immunotherapy in a Patient with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Achieving Durable Partial Response: A Case Report