Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is one of the leading technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment in Europe. Incineration bottom ash (IBA) is the main solid residue from MSWI, and its annual European production is about 20 million tons. The composition of IBA depends on the composition of the incinerated waste; therefore, it may contain significant amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous (NFe) metals as well as glass that can be recovered. Technologies for NFe metals recovery have emerged in IBA treatment since the 1990s and became common practice in many developed countries. Although the principles and used apparatus are nearly the same in all treatment trains, the differences in technological approaches to recovery of valuable components from IBA - with a special focus on NFe metals recovery - are summarized in this paper.

BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung Unter den Eichen 87 1205 Berlin Germany

Danish Waste Solutions ApS Agern Allé 3 2970 Hørsholm Denmark

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Politecnico di Milano Piazza L da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy

Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali Università di Bologna Piazza di Porta San Donato 1 40126 Bologna Italy

Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali Villa Comunale 80121 Naples Italy

Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Czech Academy of Sciences Rozvojová 135 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy

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