Ankle/foot pain is a common complaint encountered in clinical practice. Currently, due to the complex anatomy, the diagnosis and management of the underlying musculoskeletal disorders are extremely challenging. Nowadays, high-resolution ultrasound has emerged as the first-line tool to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders. There have been several existing protocols describing the fundamental sonoanatomy of ankle/foot joints. However, there are certain anatomic structures (e.g., Lisfranc ligament complex or Baxter nerve) which are also clinically important. As they are rarely elaborated in the available literature, a comprehensive review is necessary. In this regard, the present article aims to brief the regional anatomy, illustrate the scanning techniques, and emphasize the clinical relevance of the ankle/foot region.

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Hacettepe University Medical School 06100 Ankara Turkey

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei 10048 Taiwan

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Bei Hu Branch Taipei 10845 Taiwan

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague 12800 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Anatomy Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine 12800 Prague Czech Republic

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