Allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma are highly prevalent, multifactorial chronic airway diseases. Several environmental and genetic factors affect airway epithelial dynamics leading to activation of inflammatory mechanisms in the airways. This review links environmental factors to host epithelial immunity in airway diseases. Understanding altered homeostasis of the airway epithelium might provide important targets for diagnostics and therapy of chronic airway diseases.

Department of Otolaryngology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL United States

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Haartman Institute Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czechia

Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland

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New insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets of asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis

Genomics of asthma, allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis: novel concepts and relevance in airway mucosa