Meat-diet-induced changes in gut microbiota are often accompanied with the development of various metabolic and inflammatory disorders. The exact biochemical mechanism underlying these effects is not well elucidated. This study aims to evaluate how meat proteins in high-fat diets affect tryptophan metabolism in rats. The high-chicken-protein (HFHCH) or high-pork-protein (HFHP) diets increased levels of skatole and indole in cecal and colonic contents, feces, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The HFHCH and HFHP diets also increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, the Family XIII AD3011 group, and Desulfovibrio in the cecum and colon, which may be involved in the production of skatole and indole. Additionally, high-meat-protein diets induced lower activity of skatole- and indole-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 in liver compared with low-meat-protein diets. This work highlights the negative impact of high meat proteins on physiological responses by inducing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.

Department of Molecular Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 75007 Uppsala Sweden

Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University 210095 Nanjing P R China

School of Food Science Nanjing Xiaozhuang University 211171 Nanjing P R China

South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Zatisi 728 2 389 25 Vodnany Czech Republic

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Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites