The Czech Republic, a part of the former Czechoslovakia, has been at the forefront of several research directions in virology, genetics and physiology [...].

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

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Smola M., Gutten O., Dejmek M., Kozisek M., Evangelidis T., Tehrani Z.A., Novotna B., Nencka R., Birkus G., Rulisek L., et al. Ligand Strain and Its Conformational Complexity Is a Major Factor in the Binding of Cyclic Dinucleotides to STING Protein. Angew. Chem. 2021;60:10172–10178. doi: 10.1002/anie.202016805. PubMed DOI PMC

Mejdrova I., Chalupska D., Plackova P., Muller C., Sala M., Klima M., Baumlova A., Hrebabecky H., Prochazkova E., Dejmek M., et al. Rational Design of Novel Highly Potent and Selective Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIbeta (PI4KB) Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents and Tools for Chemical Biology. J. Med. Chem. 2017;60:100–118. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01465. PubMed DOI

Horova V., Lyoo H., Rozycki B., Chalupska D., Smola M., Humpolickova J., Strating J., van Kuppeveld F.J.M., Boura E., Klima M. Convergent evolution in the mechanisms of ACBD3 recruitment to picornavirus replication sites. PLoS Pathog. 2019;15:e1007962. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007962. PubMed DOI PMC

Dubankova A., Boura E. Structure of the yellow fever NS5 protein reveals conserved drug targets shared among flaviviruses. Antivir. Res. 2019;169:104536. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104536. PubMed DOI

Konkolova E., Klima M., Nencka R., Boura E. Structural analysis of the putative SARS-CoV-2 primase complex. J. Struct. Biol. 2020;211:107548. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107548. PubMed DOI PMC

Přikryl D., Plachý J., Kučerová D., Koslová A., Reinišová M., Šenigl F., Hejnar J. The Novel Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup K Shares Its Cellular Receptor with Subgroup A. J. Virol. 2019;93:e00580-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00580-19. PubMed DOI PMC

Koslová A., Trefil P., Mucksová J., Reinišová M., Plachý J., Kalina J., Kučerová D., Geryk J., Krchlíková V., Lejčková B., et al. Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2020;117:2108–2112. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1913827117. PubMed DOI PMC

Krchlíková V., Fábryová H., Hron T., Young J.M., Koslová A., Hejnar J., Strebel K., Elleder D. Antiviral Activity and Adaptive Evolution of Avian Tetherins. J Virol. 2020;94:e00416-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00416-20. PubMed DOI PMC

Rohde F., Schusser B., Hron T., Farkašová H., Plachý J., Härtle S., Hejnar J., Elleder D., Kaspers B. Characterization of Chicken Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, a Long Missed Cytokine in Birds. Front. Immunol. 2018;9:605. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00605. PubMed DOI PMC

Šenigl F., Maman Y., Dinesh R.K., Alinikula J., Seth R.B., Pecnova L., Omer A.D., Rao S.S.P., Weisz D., Buerstedde J.M., et al. Topologically Associated Domains Delineate Susceptibility to Somatic Hypermutation. Cell Rep. 2019;29:3902–3915. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.039. PubMed DOI PMC

Hubálek Z. History of arbovirus research in the Czech Republic. Viruses. 2021;13:2334. doi: 10.3390/v13112334. PubMed DOI PMC

Hubálek Z., Mittermayer T., Halouzka J., Černý V. Isolation of “exotic” Bhanja virus (Bunyaviridae) from ticks in the temperate zone. Arch. Virol. 1988;101:191–197. doi: 10.1007/BF01311000. PubMed DOI

Hubálek Z., Halouzka J., Juřicová Z. West Nile fever in Czechland. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1999;5:594–595. doi: 10.3201/eid0504.990430. PubMed DOI PMC

Hubálek Z., Kosina M., Rudolf I., Mendel J., Straková P., Tomešek M. Mortality of goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) due to West Nile virus lineage 2. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2018;18:624–627. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2289. PubMed DOI

Rudolf I., Bakonyi T., Sebesta O., Mendel J., Peško J., Betášová L., Blažejová H., Venclíková K., Straková P., Nowotny N., et al. West Nile virus lineage 2 isolated from Culex modestus mosquitoes in the Czech Republic; 2013: Expansion of the European WNV endemic area to the North? Eurosurveillance. 2014;19:20867. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.31.20867. PubMed DOI

Skubnik K., Sukenik L., Buchta D., Fuzik T., Prochazkova M., Moravcova J., Smerdova L., Pridal A., Vacha R., Plevka P. Capsid opening enables genome release of iflaviruses. Sci. Adv. 2021;7:eabd7130. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7130. PubMed DOI PMC

Buchta D., Fuzik T., Hrebik D., Levdansky Y., Sukenik L., Mukhamedova L., Moravcova J., Vacha R., Plevka P. Enterovirus particles expel capsid pentamers to enable genome release. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:1138. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09132-x. PubMed DOI PMC

Skubnik K., Novacek J., Fuzik T., Pridal A., Paxton R.J., Plevka P. Structure of deformed wing virus, a major honey bee pathogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2017;114:3210–3215. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1615695114. PubMed DOI PMC

Fuzik T., Formanova P., Ruzek D., Yoshii K., Niedrig M., Plevka P. Structure of tick-borne encephalitis virus and its neutralization by a monoclonal antibody. Nat. Commun. 2018;9:436. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02882-0. PubMed DOI PMC

Hrebik D., Stverakova D., Skubnik K., Fuzik T., Pantucek R., Plevka P. Structure and genome ejection mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus phage P68. Sci. Adv. 2019;5:eaaw7414. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7414. PubMed DOI PMC

Schur F., Hagen W., Rumlová M., Ruml T., Müller B., Kraeusslich H.-G., Briggs J. The structure of the immature HIV-1 capsid in intact virus particles at 8.8 Å resolution. Nature. 2015;517:505–508. doi: 10.1038/nature13838. PubMed DOI

Hadravová R., Rumlová M., Ruml T. FAITH—Fast Assembly Inhibitor Test for HIV. Virology. 2015;486:78–87. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.029. PubMed DOI

Rumlová M., Ruml T. In Vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs. Biotechnol. Adv. 2018;36:557–576. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.016. PubMed DOI PMC

Dostálková A., Hadravová R., Kaufman F., Křížová I., Škach K., Flegel M., Hrabal R., Ruml T., Rumlová M. A simple, high-throughput stabilization assay to test HIV-1 uncoating inhibitors. Sci. Rep. 2019;9:17076. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53483-w. PubMed DOI PMC

Dostálková A., Kaufman F., Křížová I., Vokatá B., Ruml T., Rumlová M. In Vitro quantification of the effects of IP6 and other small polyanions on immature HIV-1 particle assembly and core stability. J. Virol. 2020;94:e00991-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00991-20. PubMed DOI PMC

Agudelo M., Palus M., Keeffe J.R., Bianchini F., Svoboda P., Salát J., Peace A., Gazumyan A., Cipolla M., Kapoor T., et al. Broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies to tick-borne flaviviruses protect mice from disease. J. Exp. Med. 2021;218:e20210236. doi: 10.1084/jem.20210236. PubMed DOI PMC

Eyer L., Nougairède A., Uhlířová M., Driouich J.S., Zouharová D., Valdés J.J., Haviernik J., Gould E.A., De Clercq E., de Lamballerie X., et al. An E460D Substitution in the NS5 Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Confers Resistance to the Inhibitor Galidesivir (BCX4430) and Also Attenuates the Virus for Mice. J. Virol. 2019;93:e00367-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00367-19. PubMed DOI PMC

Salát J., Formanová P., Huňady M., Eyer L., Palus M., Ruzek D. Development and testing of a new tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine candidate for veterinary use. Vaccine. 2018;36:7257–7261. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.034. PubMed DOI

De Gasparo R., Pedotti M., Simonelli L., Nickl P., Muecksch F., Cassaniti I., Percivalle E., Lorenzi J.C.C., Mazzola F., Magrì D., et al. Bispecific IgG neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants and prevents escape in mice. Nature. 2021;593:424–428. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03461-y. PubMed DOI

Smahel M., Sobotkova E., Bubenik J., Simová J., Zak R., Ludvikova V., Hajkova R., Kovařík J., Jelinek F., Povýšil C., et al. Metastatic MHC Class I-Negative Mouse Cells Derived by Transformation with Human Papillomavirus Type 16. Br. J. Cancer. 2001;84:374–380. doi: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1615. PubMed DOI PMC

Smahel M., Sima P., Ludvıikova V., Marinov I., Pokorna D., Vonka V. Immunisation with Modified HPV16 E7 Genes against Mouse Oncogenic TC-1 Cell Sublines with Downregulated Expression of MHC Class I Molecules. Vaccine. 2003;21:1125–1136. doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00519-4. PubMed DOI

Lhotakova K., Grzelak A., Polakova I., Vackova J., Smahel M. Establishment and Characterization of a Mouse Tumor Cell Line with Irreversible Downregulation of MHC Class I Molecules. Oncol. Rep. 2019;42:2826–2835. doi: 10.3892/or.2019.7356. PubMed DOI

Smahel M., Polakova I., Pokorna D., Ludvikova V., Duskova M., Vlasak J. Enhancement of T Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immunity of Glucuronidase-Based DNA Vaccines against HPV16 E7 Oncoprotein. Int. J. Oncol. 2008;33:93–101. doi: 10.3892/ijo.33.1.93. PubMed DOI

Piatakova A., Polakova I., Smahelova J., Johari S.D., Nunvar J., Smahel M. Distinct Responsiveness of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Immunotherapy of Tumors with Different Mechanisms of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Downregulation. Cancers. 2021;13:3057. doi: 10.3390/cancers13123057. PubMed DOI PMC

Vojtechova Z., Sabol I., Salakova M., Turek L., Grega M., Smahelova J., Vencalek O., Lukesova E., Klozar J., Tachezy R. Analysis of the integration of human papillomaviruses in head and neck tumours in relation to patients’ prognosis. Int. J. Cancer. 2016;138:386–395. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29712. PubMed DOI

Salakova M., Koslabova E., Vojtechova Z., Tachezy R., Sroller V. Detection of human polyomaviruses MCPyV, HPyV6, and HPyV7 in malignant and non-malignant tonsillar tissues. J. Med. Virol. 2016;88:695–702. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24385. PubMed DOI

Pokrývková B., Saláková M., Šmahelová J., Vojtěchová Z., Novosadová V., Tachezy R. Detailed Characteristics of Tonsillar Tumors with Extrachromosomal or Integrated Form of Human Papillomavirus. Viruses. 2019;12:42. doi: 10.3390/v12010042. PubMed DOI PMC

Pokrývková B., Šmahelová J., Dalewská N., Grega M., Vencálek O., Šmahel M., Nunvář J., Klozar J., Tachezy R. ARG1 mRNA Level Is a Promising Prognostic Marker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Diagnostics. 2021;11:628. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040628. PubMed DOI PMC

Kadlečková D., Tachezy R., Erban T., Deboutte W., Nunvář J., Saláková M., Matthijnssens J. The Virome of Healthy Honey Bee Colonies: Ubiquitous Occurrence of Known and New Viruses in Bee Populations. mSystems. 2022;11:e0007222. doi: 10.1128/msystems.00072-22. PubMed DOI PMC

Langerova H., Lubyova B., Zabransky A., Hubalek M., Glendova K., Aillot L., Hodek J., Strunin D., Janovec V., Hirsch I., et al. Hepatitis B Core Protein Is Post-Translationally Modified through K29-Linked Ubiquitination. Cells. 2020;9:2547. doi: 10.3390/cells9122547. PubMed DOI PMC

Lubyova B., Hodek J., Zabransky A., Prouzova H., Hubalek M., Hirsch I., Weber J. PRMT5: A novel regulator of Hepatitis B virus replication and an arginine methylase of HBV core. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0186982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186982. PubMed DOI PMC

Lubyova B., Tikalova E., Krulova K., Hodek J., Zabransky A., Hirsch I., Weber J. ATM-Dependent Phosphorylation of Hepatitis B Core Protein in Response to Genotoxic Stress. Viruses. 2021;13:2438. doi: 10.3390/v13122438. PubMed DOI PMC

Janovec V., Hodek J., Clarova K., Hofman T., Dostalik P., Fronek J., Chlupac J., Chaperot L., Durand S., Baumert T.F., et al. Toll-like receptor dual-acting agonists are potent inducers of PBMC-produced cytokines that inhibit hepatitis B virus production in primary human hepatocytes. Sci. Rep. 2020;10:12767. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69614-7. PubMed DOI PMC

Cagno V., Andreozzi P., D’Alicarnasso M., Jacob Silva P., Mueller M., Galloux M., Le Goffic R., Jones S.T., Vallino M., Hodek J., et al. Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism. Nat. Mater. 2018;17:195–203. doi: 10.1038/nmat5053. PubMed DOI

Kostygov A.Y., Karnkowska A., Votýpka J., Tashyreva D., Maciszewski K., Yurchenko V., Lukeš J. Euglenozoa: Taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses. Open Biol. 2021;11:200407. doi: 10.1098/rsob.200407. PubMed DOI PMC

Yurchenko V., Lukeš J. Parasites and their (endo)symbiotic microbes. Parasitology. 2018;145:1261–1264. doi: 10.1017/S0031182018001257. PubMed DOI

Ives A., Ronet C., Prevel F., Ruzzante G., Fuertes-Marraco S., Schutz F., Zangger H., Revaz-Breton M., Lye L.F., Hickerson S.M., et al. Leishmania RNA virus controls the severity of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Science. 2011;331:775–778. doi: 10.1126/science.1199326. PubMed DOI PMC

Grybchuk D., Kostygov A.Y., Macedo D.H., Votypka J., Lukes J., Yurchenko V. RNA viruses in Blechomonas (Trypanosomatidae) and evolution of Leishmaniavirus. mBio. 2018;9:e01932-18. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01932-18. PubMed DOI PMC

Kostygov A.Y., Grybchuk D., Kleschenko Y., Chistyakov D.S., Lukashev A.N., Gerasimov E.S., Yurchenko V. Analyses of Leishmania-LRV co-phylogenetic patterns and evolutionary variability of viral proteins. Viruses. 2021;13:2305. doi: 10.3390/v13112305. PubMed DOI PMC