Euglenozoa is a species-rich group of protists, which have extremely diverse lifestyles and a range of features that distinguish them from other eukaryotes. They are composed of free-living and parasitic kinetoplastids, mostly free-living diplonemids, heterotrophic and photosynthetic euglenids, as well as deep-sea symbiontids. Although they form a well-supported monophyletic group, these morphologically rather distinct groups are almost never treated together in a comparative manner, as attempted here. We present an updated taxonomy, complemented by photos of representative species, with notes on diversity, distribution and biology of euglenozoans. For kinetoplastids, we propose a significantly modified taxonomy that reflects the latest findings. Finally, we summarize what is known about viruses infecting euglenozoans, as well as their relationships with ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria.

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Institute of Parasitology Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Life Science Research Centre Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases Sechenov University Moscow Russia

Zoological Institute Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg Russia

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