Recent surveys of marine microbial diversity have identified a previously unrecognized lineage of diplonemid protists as being among the most diverse heterotrophic eukaryotes in global oceans. Despite their monophyly (and assumed importance), they lack a formal taxonomic description, and are informally known as deep-sea pelagic diplonemids (DSPDs) or marine diplonemids. Recently, we documented morphology and molecular sequences from several DSPDs, one of which is particularly widespread and abundant in environmental sequence data. To simplify the communication of future work on this important group, here we formally propose to erect the family Eupelagonemidae to encompass this clade, as well as a formal genus and species description for the apparently most abundant phylotype, Eupelagonema oceanica, for which morphological information and single-cell amplified genome data are currently available.

Biosciences University of Exeter Geoffrey Pope Building Exeter EX4 4QD United Kingdom

Department of Botany University of British Columbia 3529 6270 University Boulevard Boulevard British Columbia Canada

Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Moss Landing California 95039 USA

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